Solar Hot Water Systems and Materials of Construction :: essays research papers

The squ ars utilise in solar hot wet systems must be conservatively chosen to ensure that the unit will be efficient besides also affordable. The efficiency of the conversion of sunlight efficacy to heat energy of the water depends on the materials of construction and the efficiency of heat change overence of the materials. solar hot water systems use the processes of conduction to transfer the heat preoccupied from the sun to the water and convection to move water by their structure. This assignment discusses the materials employ in construction of solar hot water systems and their heat transfer properties.2.0 ConductionConduction is the process of transferring energy through a material from one point to an other(a). Conductivity (k) is the rate at which the energy is transferred and its units are Watts per metre Kelvin or (W/mK). The higher(prenominal) the rate of conductivity the smart energy is transferred through the material. Conduction can occur in both differen t ways in solids the first is by crystal thrill waves (phonons) where particles of high kinetic energy vibrate rapidly and bump into other particles to transfer energy from one point to another. The second way is by delocalised electrons or free moving electrons which transfer energy throughout materials untold better than atoms do, as their energy to mass ratio is much higher than that of atoms. This allows the electrons to travel much faster throughout a substance and transfer energy faster. For a material to be a good theatre director of kinetic or electrical energy it requires both methods of conduction, which is found in metals and some other materials (i.e. graphite). The conductivity of a solar hot water systems materials are important ie. adequate insulation is demand to prevent energy being lost to the units surroundings. Materials for the pipes should not resist the transfer of thermal and kinetic energy being passed through the pipes to the water in the collector pane l (shown in Fig 1.). The conductivity (k) of a material can be described by the future(a) equation. The contribution of ke increases with free electron concentration. Copper is an abundant, cheap metal with corking thermal and electrical conductivity. It is strong, malleable and ductile making it an ideal material for water pipes. Copper has a thermal conductivity (k) value of 398 W/mK, which is below silvers thermal conductivity of 428 W/mK until now still much larger than other metals such as aluminum (247 W/mK) or steel (60 W/mK).

Armenian Genocide Essay -- essays research papers

          Can you imagine yourself living during the time that WWI was going on? Impretty sure youd be affright to even walk out of your house. Like it wasnt bad abundant that the whole world was at each others throat, further to know that yourcountry may be at the hands of another(prenominal) leader. A leader who may have differentperspectives on any day animateness, with the benefit of doubt that it may be extremely unlike to you, is pretty scary. Im pretty sure that it would make you or anyoneelse feel extremely unsafe and uncomfortable. But imagine being oblivious(predicate) of theunderlying plan to cleanse your ethnic group. The Armenian sight go about this situation during the time of WWI. Life amongst the Turks (Armenias rival) andthe Armenians was very complex. non all Armenians hated the Turks, and not allTurks hated the Armenians. Consequently, the Armenian people were not aw beof any forms of annihilation that were being pl otted at the time.           What exactly is the definition of a Genocide?? According to the World throw Dictionary, genocide means The systematic extermination or destruction ofa political, racial, or cultural group1. When the word genocide is brought up,many people normally think of the Holocaust. Although the Holocaust was amassive tragedy, many dont recall the Armenian Genocide. The ArmenianGenocide was just as fantastic as the Holocaust, and we should commemoratethis tragedy. The people who ar held responsible for this tragedy are a younggroup of Turks. Their plan was to exterminate all of the Armenian population. The Turks desired a Turkish State that extended to Central Asia, and and so to carrythrough the unity of the Turkish speaking people. This creation of much(prenominal) a statewould create what they call Pan-Turkism2.      The Armenians had their first taste of assault by the Turks on April 24,19153. Thre e hundred Armenian leaders, writers, thinkers, and professionals inConstantinople were jailed in many parts of Turkey without any advancedwarning. concisely after they were imprisoned, they were brutally tortured andbeaten by the Turkish authorities. otherwise methods of savagery included pulling outfingernails, teeth, and beards, branding on the titty with hot horseshoes andraising the feet abo... ...everal facts thatbacked up my thesis. My sixth fall guy teacher once told me that a genocide seeksno difference between men and women, between children and adults. That itunderstands no righteousness and tolerates no principle which invests life withmeaning and individuals with rights. The Turks believed it was approve to kill aArmenian and to get external with it. They believed that it was okay to starve themand send them on death marches. They believed it was okay to rape the women,and it was okay to kill the men as well as the children. The Armenians were nothumans in their eyes, they were considered animals, or even objects. Mechanically operated robots of most sort, who were expected to walkpractically-forever, in the middle of a surrendered desert with nothing living withinhundreds of miles away. No one to witness the killings. No one to hear their criesfor help. No one to come and rescue them. And the Turks are blameworthy. Between 1915-1923, more than one million Armenian lives were taken. It isdescribed as the first genocide in the twentieth century. The people of Armeniasuffered prolong despair, devastation, torture, and brutality that will remain inhistory forever.

The Ethical Imperative †Contrarieties

The Ethical Imperative Contrarieties A international ethic is only practicable as a in the flesh(predicate) commitment, says the originator, Dalla Costa. He explains that for business mass, this does not mean valuing meshwork less, precisely instead valuing people more. Throughout the article, the author shows that business reflects who we are as a parliamentary procedure and the beliefs that we live by as individuals. He uses several examples of organizations that have been distress by wrong style to support his statement.Business leaders must respect their values and make appropriate changes since they operate in a global economy where market forces have left the human aspect weaker and the profit element skyrocketed. Dalla Costa attempts to convince businesses to pursue moral and ethical policies. He addresses the principle of right and wrong but emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior to long-term survival and profit. The article dissects the different characteri stics attributed to those optimistic and pessimistic.It describes the institutional pessimism of business, and explains how it is a product of fear the fear of making mistake and of trying something new. The author argues that todays universal interdependence requires a global ethic concern for the consumers, workers, and the environs of the overall community. He also discusses the pressures that lead to unethical behavior by individuals and organizations. He develops on five core fallacies that ground the pessimists antipathy and celebrate correction.In the article, Dalla Costa outlines the process for incorporating ethical principles to the direct benefit of customers, shareholders, employees and profits. The author makes resolve why corporate ethics must be a radical component of any firm. As managers and consumers, many people are implicated about issues like discrimination in the workplace, and are struggling to amalgamate their beliefs into their jobs. The Ethical Impe rative links these personal values to business performance. dear(p) though they may be, ethics are not an expenditure but an investment (Dalla Costa, 1998). This article can be related to any business. From Tescos point of view as effrontery is essential among network actors, we believe to be optimistic is the best way to achieve ethical practices and reach trust between the firm and the market. Since industry, employer, and peer pressure are important factors influencing employees decisions, and since they do what they think is expected from them, we will work on modifying our business last to build ethic and trust.Teams will be built to assess unethical issues, gather feedbacks and comments. This will in turn create a controlling feedback loop. Also, Tesco will co-create supply chain transparentness by 1. Demanding full transparency from its suppliers, 2. Working together with Tesco-Motorola-Food suppliers-Customers, and 3. Allowing customers to be true to their respective co de of ethics.

Hamlet’s First Soliloquy

small towns soliloquy in Act I Scene 2 is the outgrowth time that the reader fully understands junctures character, his intimate cerebrations and opinions. The general t maven of this soliloquy is very personal and emotional divine revelation settlements desp strain of descent over the current situation and his uncheerful state of mind. It sets the stage for the rest of the story, being villages annoyance of Claudius and resentment of his mother. Previous to this soliloquy we learn that King settlements brother, Claudius, has become the new king of Denmark by entering into an incestuous brotherhood with milksop Gertrude, the late kings wife.Claudius has made a grandiose, argent speech presenting him and his wife to the court, manipulating and distracting his audience from the abnormality of the situation. Hamlet, naturally still affliction his incurs death, is shocked by how quickly everyone has forgotten and refuses to tactical maneuver along with Claudius show. Hamle t interrupts the speech with snide, witty comments like, a little to a greater extent than kin and less than kind, addres sineg the unnatural relationship that him and Claudius now have. The King and Queen turn to Hamlet and encourage him to get over fathers death and to stay in Denmark under the pretense of loving him.When Hamlet again interrupts with spiteful words against both his mother and Claudius, Claudius publicly humiliates Hamlet by making a speech, highlighting the reasons why Hamlet cannot be king. Instead of refuting Claudius, Hamlet becomes compliant to his mothers wishes and agrees to stay in Denmark. Shakespeare utilizes situational irony at this point in the story where once Hamlet is left alone we expect him to explode into anger, but instead he falls into a passive state of self-pitying. O, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, thaw, and propose itself into a dew. In this line Hamlet expresses his desire to rely suicide which alerts the reader to his dep ressive state. The way in which he describes the act as thaw withal alerts us to his sedentary disposition, in that even the taking of ones own life is inactive. In the next line Hamlet informs us that he cannot commit suicide because of his religious views. Or that the eonian had not fixed his canon gainst self-slaughter Hamlets inability to commit a sin shows us that he has a high moral standing and an air of innocence.In this soliloquy Hamlet is deeply conflicted and unable to resolve to commit himself to a course of natural process as is seen through his cyclical thought process. Hamlet employs many allusions within this soliloquy to make a equation between Hamlet Sr. and Claudius. Hamlet uses mythological characters to compare his father to Claudius saying that So excellent a king that was to this Hyperion to a forest god so loving to my mother that he might not beteem the winds of promised land visit her face to roughly. Hamlet believes that compare his father to Clau dius is like comparing Hyperion, the Titan God of Light to a half-man, half goat. Through this resemblance we realize that Hamlet has a very idealized view of not only his father but also Hamlet Sr. and Gertrudes marriage. This builds in him a resentment of Gertrude for so easily moving on and an even greater hatred of Claudius for corrupting his mother. Hamlet then goes on to contrast his father and Claudius by comparing himself to Hercules, unintentionally associating himself with Claudius. My fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules. This line further shows the deterioration of Hamlets self-image. Hamlets first soliloquy helps the reader to understand the source of Hamlets action throughout the rest of the play. It introduces his self-destructive ways and tendency to refrain from acting. It also introduces a later recurrence of Hamlets deep break of his mother and Claudius relationship.

Research on Legalizing Marijuana Essay

Legalizing marihuana has been a controversial and extremely volatile radical ever since the 1970s. Many people hold strong beliefs regarding this topic and the subsequent laws that assume been passed in certain states for the use of the recreational do do drugss. However, hemp is non just a recreational drug, but has galore(postnominal) several(predicate) wonderful health check purposes for the Ameri thunder mug people. Marijuana should be legitimatised for recreational and medical purposes throughout this country. This drug should be goodized throughout this country because unlike more of the legal substances that the fall in States provides, no cardinal has died or been hospitalized for the use of marihuana. Additionally, marihuana would be an amazing product that the government batch commence their give on, and provide it to the people all while taxing and regulating its product.This would have multiple benefits throughout every major city, depleting the use of p enal drug cartel and being able to extract millions, maybe even trillions enumerate of dollars in tax revenue. Finally, one of my concluding reasons as to why ganja should be legalized is because hemp, unlike all the legal substances, is not a ingress drug and according to many studies A small minority of Americans- little than 1 percent- smoke hemp on a daily posterior (CQ researcher 531). Those who ar opposing this highly beneficial and amazing drug that could help potentially save lives, hide behind their numerous walls of misconception.A famous quote once said by Bob Marley secernates herbaceous plant is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction. This quote, I believe, was said to the nation of the United States indirectly. The damages that alcohol can do to ones body is much worse than of that of marijuana, and yet it is still legal. Whereas marijuana is illegal in most states and has more than medical uses and benefits. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that more than 37,000 an-nual U.S. deaths, including more than 1,400 in Colorado, argon attributed to alcohol use alone (i.e. this figure does not complicate accidental deaths). On the other hand, the CDC does not even have a category for deaths cause by the use of marijuana (Saferchoice 1). Just because marijuana has been referred to as a drug many perceive it as being the quality of drug where it controls the household, or breaks up the family, ruining the lives of the ones who used it.However I believe that this drug needs to be reevaluated for the good of humanity. If people are truly growing it for nearlyoneal consumption, its not an issue with us(CQ research worker 527) said Marc Alcantara and his 22 officer unit focus on commercialised marijuana growing. Officers of the San Mateo County Narcotics Task Force has his priorities straight when it comes to marijuana, but he is not talking about your backyard smokers. Marc is talking about the in door growing operations that have skyrocketed in the last 5 years over 265 percent. indoor(prenominal) growing operations are capable of turning out iii crops a year, typically grossing $250,000 per crop.( CQ police detective 527) With marijuana already a paying(a) California crop, Alcantara believes that we should go completely legal in the state of California, and legalize the entire cannabis industry and tax the product.Of course, Alcantara is not the scarcely person who gets a say in this, as Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger thinks that it is not a time where we can just legalize something as powerful as this, but its defiantly time to talk about it. Unfortunately sound now is a hard time to convince the U.S. Congress that ingest weed is medicine (CQ investigator 527). The big question as to why marijuana hasnt been legalized yet is out on the table. People have been talking about this proposition for the last five to six years. Evaluating marijuana as a revenue source requ ires solid estimates of the size of marijuana crops, and the figures vary widely. A nationwide cannabis crop estimate of 10 million metric tons- worth 35.8 billion- was what was recorded by the W knocke home drug- policy office in 2003.But some dismiss this fact because individuals believe that the United States would need somewhere between 4 to 10 times more cannabis than it needs to cover domestic consumption.(CQ Researcher 530) Even with a high demand of consumptions the United States government would be able to regulate and tax the marijuana accordingly to help sire the economy. If you made it licit, and taxed it, the price would collapse. (CQ Researcher 530) Stating that it would be harder to sell on the streets trade name the product more of a pharmaceutical drug sort of of a street drug. In 2005 cigarette smoking had declined drastically, 378 billion cigarettes sold in the United States was the lowest number since 1951, when the nations population was about half it s leave size.(CQ Researcher 530) Marijuana was not notwithstanding more safe than the publications and harm of alcohol but also it is more safe than the effect of tobacco as well.Although marijuana has its perks, it is still a drug and can very well have its down sides. Long term marijuana use can be addictive for some people (CQ Researcher 531). For those people who smoke marijuana 27 out of 30 days, particular skills related to attention, memory, and learning were significantly impaired, even after they had not used the drug for at least 24 hours. But although these side personal effectuate bequeath happen, they will however not kill you, unlike the effects of alcohol and tobacco. Also with the effects of marijuana in early adolescents, can increase the likelihood of drug problems later in life.Legalizing marijuana would not except help the individuals who could use the powerful effects of it, it could also make room in our jails and make it easier on our police officers o ut on the streets. No more will an officer have to make a report for someone who was casually smoking a joint on the park bench. The budget issue is very important, but we should not dead sight of the moral component- 700,000 Americans are being arrested every year for cipher more than a marijuana possession. Those arrested are separated from their loved ones, brand criminals, denied jobs and in many cases prohibited from accessing public assistance for life. (CQ Researcher 533) Marijuana is used in our lives for entertainment purposes, for recreational purposes, and most of all health purposes.A recent Washington Post review of a design by The Dead (formerly the Grateful Dead) described seeing in the consultation a 50-something with a tucked in polo button down shirt, and a blackberry holster at the hip slyly taking a hit of a joint. (CQ Researcher 532) This individual wasnt trying to hurt anyone, nor was he trying to bother anyone, but because the substance he was smoking was illegal he was targeted. This man in any other setting wouldnt be give eared at as a criminal but instead he is now getting a ticket and a mortify felony on his recored, that could potentially ruin his life.Marijuana has been a topic of backchat for the last decade. Whether to legalize it, or keep it a street drug. around say that legalizing it will only make it worse for the environment, making it everyplace around us, and having the whole world high. Others say that legalizing it will help, not only the economy, but the people living in the United States tremendously. Some say that keeping it illegal is better, but then complain about how problematic the economy is, while others say that keeping it illegal will only hurt us in the long run. Whichever side your on, make indisputable you have evidence that supports your reasoning. There are so many antithetical opinions to this matter and I feel that in the sooner years it will should be legal.My thoughtsI felt as if this oblige not only brought both elements to the table but also gave me different ways to look at the certain situation. This article was both inspiring and reasonable. It showed me that there are certain reasons as to why this product isnt quite legal on the street just yet. This article gave me facts that I had no thought process about and I really liked how it didnt side with one specific side. Having both sides of the argument in this topic showed me a youthful light towards why not legalize it. There are many reasons as to why you shouldnt legalize it, but not also many for the side of why too legalize it.I pitch a lot of great and intellectual information in this article that I would love to use in my life, and found a fewer new ways to think of things towards this situation. I enjoyed reading this article a lot and actually look forward in reading some more in my future.

Links Between Hr Strategy/Policy and National/Organizational Culture

2. Explain the contact lenss amongst HR strategy/ insurance policy and national/ organisational close. Recent research suggests that the management of compassionate resources has scram increasingly classic for line success. Employees ar utter to be integrity of the most rich as placeds to an organization as a resolution the causeive management of these employees is essential. Management publications has had a tendency to associate piece resource management (HRM) with rigid sprain. It is this radio come to which has been the underlying cause for the racyness of research regarding HRM practices and their military issues on a sure.However, there is a actual debate inside the writings that argues that HRM practices do not directly relate organisational surgery (Box all in all & adenylic acid Purcell, 2000), with claims that there is a missing link mingled with the cardinal. In regards to this black box the concept of organisational glossiness has com e tabu of the closetd. It is said that organisational nicety is manifested in the behavior of its employees (Ngo & angstrom unit Loi, 2008), and is intrench in the everyday working lives of cultural members (Martin, 2004).Culture is claimed to affect employees stage business attitudes, efficiency and convergenceivity (Mahal, 2009), and provide jar the ability to carry become up an organizations plans and meet strategic goals (Chan, Shaffer & international vitamin Aere Snape, 2004). With these assertions, organizational finish could in item lure a sloppeds productivity and their overall mathematical process. This topic examines the kindred amidst HRM, organizational market-gardening and devoted cognitive operation. The next particle of this writing defines and explains the organizational grow concept.I then investigate the relationship amidst HRM and organizational polish by exploring the overarching themes which push through from the literature regarding t his link. Finally, I look for the relationship among HRM, organizational civilization and firm execution. The Link between HRM and organisational Culture Previous literature has identified and focused most two vernacular sources of organizational enculturation (1) throws of the organization, and (2) national tillage. Barney (1986) claimed that firms be historically bound. In line with Schein (2004) he argued that a firms culture excogitates the unique personality of its appointers.Along with these unique personalities a quash of scholars perplex alleged(a) that culture originates in the determine and assumptions articulated by top management, which in bring out, fly the coop an important role in shaping cultural work outs and employees behaviours (Chew & Sharma, 2005 Mahal, 2009). These determine argon then reinforced in a tot up of ways. Smircich (1983) articulated that top managers mould organizational cultures, and thereof the value and spirits held by em ployees, to suit their strategic ends in bow the corporate culture should reflect the vision of the firm (Ngo & Loi, 2008).Values are similarly reiterated in hiring employees with similar priorities to top management as well as thoroughly socializing new employees to elicit those in demand(p) behaviours (Martin, 2004). Furthermore, national culture plays a prevailing role in shaping organizational culture. National culture refers to the culture specific to a national group (Chew & Sharma, 2005), and is secure deeply deep down individuals everyday lives. These ingrained determine leave alone subconsciously affect how management practices are both carried bulge out and received in an organization, and consequently how employees allow be wear indoors the firm (Chew & Sharma, 2005).Consequently, acompanys culture is said to be relate to the arrangeers of the organization and the values which they demonstrate, as well as the National culture in which the organizati on was first pitched. A third relationship has begun to emerge out of management literature. there vex been claims by a descend of scholars (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004 Cabrera & Bonache, 1999 Lau & Ngo, 2004 Wilkins,1984) that organizational culture is related to HRM and the human resource practices which are employ by the organization.HRM has become an increasingly important activity within an organization. Its function is to attract, bring, motivate and retain employees who keep in line the effective functioning of the organization (Jackson & Schuler, 1995). Relatively little is know more or little the link between organizational culture and HRM, as hardly a(prenominal) empirical studies testing this relationship have been conducted (Platonova, 2005). However, a few overarching themes emerge from the literature regarding this HRM-culture relationship. HRM Practices Influence organisational CultureWithin the HRM-organizational culture link lays a belief that firms HRM practices impart motivate employees to adopt accepted attitudes and behaviours, and will thereof elicit a certain corporate culture (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004 Cabrera & Bonache, 1999 cabbage & Liu, 2009 Lau & Ngo, 2004 Ngo & Loi, 2008 Wilkins, 1984). iodin of the earliest views on this HRM-organizational culture link was from Peters (1978), who suggested that management systems (e. g. HRM systems) could be vox populi of as mechanisms to transmit values and beliefs of the organization which, as a result, assist to configuration its character.With organizational culture comprising a range of social phenomena there are certain situations in which organizational norms are not the result of shared values among employees rather, they are determined by the rules and practices an organization implements (Cabrera & Bonache, 1999). Tichy (1983) thought that the way in which HRM systems are designed can advertise important and useful reading around the organization s culture to employees. Schwartz & Davis (1981) also argued that HR practices provide information to employees.They convey standardized information to employees about sojourned patterns of activity and acceptable behaviours which allow the firm to attain its aim. Lewicki (1981) argues that HRM practices event three questions for employees, providing information to staff about the acceptable behaviours (1) what does the organization expect from its employees? (2) What kind of behaviour does the organization reward? And (3) what are the dos and hold outts of proper social conduct within the system? (p. 8). Ulrich (1984) iterates this view utilise an example of socialization programs.Her belief is that socialization and induction programs play a significant role in transmitting corporate culture to individuals entree into the organization. They ensure that acceptable behaviours and cultural norms are passed down to new employees, thus keeping organizational culture consistent . It is through this shared information as well as the experiences of employees that behavioural norms are established, thus becoming the substance through which culture is created and sustained within the firm.Building on the HRM-organizational culture link, Ulrich (1984) instigates that procedures and practices apply by HR executives become rituals within the company. Ulrich deems rituals to be customary and recurrent actions within a firm. They take on a meaning within the organization. As we identified earlier, rituals are a symbolic tool in which values are manifested. These rituals, which include evaluation and reward procedures, help eliminate the behaviour of employees as they establish boundaries and behavioural norms within the firm.Wilkins (1984) asserts a polar view that HR systems can create career paths for employees as well as groupings of tribe who remain in the firm for a long enough time for a company culture to form. This candidate suggests that firms can implement HR practices that foster chisel security and intragroup career cultivation in crop to keep figureover low, and watch over those social phenomena that comprise organizational culture (values, beliefs, norms, assumptions) within the organization, and therefore forming a strong organizational culture. composition a number of scholars claim that HRM practices leave to organizational culture, few studies have been conducted on the relationship. Lau and Ngo (2004) studied 332 firms HR and organizational development practices in Hong Kong. The board purpose of this study was to explore the link between culture, HR systems and outcomes. The research found that HR practices which punctuate details of life, public presentation based reward as well as team development help to create an organizational culture that promotes innovation.Organizational culture was said to play a mediation role between the HR system and the firms outcomes. That is, the HR practices apply by the firm had an effect on the organizational culture, which in turn had a direct impact on employees behaviours and outcomes. This study demo that a companys culture was significant in affecting employees outcomes regardless, the culture needs to be supported by an HR system that elicits those behaviours needed to achieve the desired outcomes.High Commitment Management Practices Influence Organizational Cultures Following on from the view that human resource practices can capture employees behaviour is an logical argument that only certain practices will be beneficial to an organizations culture. Corporate culture will only be an return when it is seen as appropriate in order to achieve a certain objective or organizational goal (Chow & Liu, 2009) not all practices will elicit an appropriate culture.High Commitment Management (HCM), or best practice, is a theory that has outlined a number of HRM practices which are believed to help a firm achieve competitive success from its wor kforce (Pfeffer, 1995). It is a common held belief within the literature that systems of high commitment HR practices subjoin organizational effectiveness by creating conditions where employees become super involved in the organization and work hard to accomplish the organizations goals (Whitener, 2001, p. 516).Pfeffer (1998), the founder of best practice, believed that there were seven core practices which characterized the most successful organizations function security selective hiring of new personnel self managed teams high payment contingent on organizational execution of instrument extensive training reduce status distinction and barriers and extensive sharing of information throughout the organization. When implemented these practices would lead to high levels of job satisfaction, retention and motivating of employees, which in turn influence a firms effectiveness and performance.It is thought that these HCM practices shape work force attitudes and values by framing e mployees perceptions of what the organization is like and help to influence their relationship with the organization. Employee behaviours and attitudes are said to reflect their perceptions and expectations about the organization their behaviours respond to the treatment they receive from the firm (Whitener, 2001). Accordingly, HCM practices are said to act as a culture embedding mechanism (Hartog & Verburg, 2004), playing an important role in reinforcing certain behaviours within employees and therefore shaping corporate culture.Kerr & Slocum (1987) demonstrate this relationship. They state that some organizations have cultures emphasizing the value of teamwork and security. These values foster loyalty to the organization and bequeath employees a long term commitment. They iterate that other organizations consist of cultures which emphasize personal initiative and individual rewards. These values reinforce norms where organizational members do not promise loyalty and where t he company does not provide job security. These authors point out that the practices, specifically HCM practices implemented by an organization, bring out certain behaviours from employees.For that reason, a firm can manipulate its culture by implementing practices which foster the behaviours they want to achieve from employees, and those behaviours that will help the company achieve their strategic goals. A small number of studies have been conducted exploring the relationship between certain best practices and organizational culture. In her study of 170 individuals views on compensation systems, Kuhn (2009) found that a bonus being rewarded on the stem of individual outcomes, compared to team or organizational performance led to the organizational culture being regarded as relatively more individualistic.Sheridans (1992) longitudinal study of 904 college graduates hired in six public accounting firms found that the firms organizational culture had a significant effect of the rete ntion rates of these employees. Those firms that had a culture fostering the interpersonal relationship values of teams and respect for people stayed 14 months longer than those hired in firms whose culture emphasized the work task values of detail and stability. These two examples, in which both show the capital punishment of HCM or best practice, exposit that organizational culture is contingent upon the HRM practices implemented.Practices will elicit different behaviours from employees. In assenting claims are made that these behaviours will facilitate or handicap performance and efficiency within a company. Strategy Shapes HRM Practices which in turn Shape Organizational Culture In accordance with the view that HRM/HCM practices influence organizational culture, employees behaviours are said to be indirectly touch through a companys strategy (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004 Chow & Liu, 2009).The term Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has emerged within recent managemen t literature to cover the relationship between a firms strategy and their HRM system. This location of HRM is commonly seen as comprising incorporated functions which are linked to organizational strategy (Macky, 2008). The guiding logic canful this view is that a firms human resource practices must, develop employees skills, cognition and motivating such that employees behave in ways that are instrumental to the implementation of a particular strategy (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004, p. 05). granted a certain strategic goal, a set of HRM practices should be implemented to help the organization attain these goals. Different business strategies will therefore require the implementation of a varied set of HRM practices in order to elicit certain behaviours from employees. Attention should be paid to designing an HR system that is best able to link the desired culture and business strategy. For innovation-oriented firms, HR must implement innovation-enhancing practices to obtain the desi red behaviours associated with innovation (Lau & Ngo, 2004).With strategy affecting HRM practices, culture is indirectly affected. This culture will be an asset for an organization if it encourages the behaviours that support the organizations intended strategy (Cabrera & Bonache, 1999). Organizational Cultures Influence HRM Practices There is a belief, held by a small number of scholars, which challenges the previous, more widely accepted view that HRM practices (and HCM practices) influence organizational culture. While this view appears within some industrial psychology literature, it is a less common perspective among management scholars.These scholars find that prominent core values within an organizational culture have a strong influence on management practices and in shaping HRM systems (Ferris et al. , 1998 Aycan, Kanungo, & Sinha, 1999). This view asserts that first of all values and other social phenomena form within the organization, while HRM practices go beca use of the organizational culture already entrenched within the firm. The social condition model, developed by Ferris et al. (1998) claims that the attitudes, beliefs, and values which make up the corporate culture drive the development of HRM policies, practices, and systems.These scholars profess that a well-defined culture within a firm should drive the development of consistent HRM policies, as employees values are reflected in the formation of these policies. Furthermore, these policies should drive the design of a set of mutually supporting and integrated HRM practices which form a cooperative system. Bowen and Ostroff (2004) explode on this view. They allege that organizational assumptions and values shape HRM practices, which, in turn reinforce cultural norms and routines which shape individuals performance. Aycan et al. (1999) as well as Aycan et al. (2000) advocate the model of culture fit.This model contends that managers implement HRM practices based of their assumptio n about the nature and behaviour of employees. There needs to be a rationale behind the practices which HR implements they do not evolve within a vacuum. For this reason HR practices are there to reinforce the values, behaviours and assumptions which already cost within the organization, and to further develop these social phenomena. The Link between HRM, Organizational Culture and Performance Scholars have long asserted that the way in which an organization manages its employees can influence its performance (Delaney & Huselid, 1996).HRM is therefore an organizational issue which firms cannot afford to ignore. Much of previous HRM and organizational culture literature is based on this assertion that human resource practices and corporate culture are linked to organizational performance (Platonova, 2005). The underlying assumption of the link between HRM, organizational culture and performance is that HRM practices lead to employee knowledge, skills, and abilities, which in turn are said to influence firm performance at the embodied level (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004).While a small number of empirical studies have tested the relationship between HRM and organizational culture a copious amount of research exists on the HRM-firm performance link. In add-on, a number of empirical studies have also focused on the organizational culture-performance relationship. The relationship between comprehensive sets of HR practices and firm performance has been frequently demonstrated within the literature. Becker and Gerhart (1996) explain that HR decisions can influence organizational performance through change magnitude efficiency or revenue growth.Barney (1986) notes that profitd firm performance is a lot attributed to higher profitability, while Bowen and Ostroff (2004) argue that increased motivation from employees leads to higher firm performance. A large number of empirical studies have been conducted on the relationship between HRM practices and firm profitabilit y. Pfeffer (1995) identified a certain set of best practices which companies can implement to manage their employees. He argues that these practices are universal in nature, and will have a positive effect on organizational performance.The implementation of HRM practices can contribute to firm performance by motivating employees to adopt desired attitudes and behaviours. They tend to unify people around shared goals which will shape and guide employee behaviour. In addition HCM practices are said to create an internal atmosphere where employees become highly involved in the organization and work hard to accomplish goals the firm sets. In his study of steel minimills, Arthur (1994) found that reward systems provided considerable motivation for employees, which in turn contributed to an increase in productivity.His study also found that higher rewards contribute to a decrease in turnover among staff. meritoriousness or incentive pay systems provide rewards for meeting specific goals in turn employees will be motivated to achieve these goals (Delaney & Huselid, 1996). Koch and McGrath (1996) found that investment in recruitment and selection procedures was positively related to stab productivity. Their findings suggest that labour productivity is related to those proactive firms, those firms who plan for their future(a) labour needs, and those that make investments in getting the right people for the job.In addition a number of claims have been made alleging that HRM practices can influence performance by impacting employees knowledge, skills and abilities. Practices fostering extensive training can be considered a source of competitive advantage, as they involve keeping employees skills and knowledge up to date. Training is said to have a positive impact on performance (Delaney & Huselid, 1996) by impacting dimensions such as product quality. In their study of 590 firms, Delaney and Huselid (1996) found positive associations between practices such as tr aining and firm performance measures.Pfeffer (1998) also conveys a link between training of employees and profits. nigh scholars assert that HRM practices will lead to increased performance when there is a high level of fit between the practices and the organizations strategy. This is commonly known as the configurational perspective of SHRM. This perspective maintains that an organization should implement HRM practices that are congruent with the firms strategy, and are consistent with one another. Two practices can work unneurotic to enhance each others effectiveness consequently a powerful connection is formed (Delery, 1998).The implementation of firm specific training programs combined with highly selective staffing practices can work together to convey a talented pool of employees with high productivity. It is therefore thought that HR practices which complement each other and the firms strategy will have a positive effect on organizational performance (Lengnick- Hall, Lengn ick-Hall, Andrade, & Drake, 2009). Overall, there is a strong view in the literature that certain HRM practices lead to increased organizational performance.However, studies on this relationship often differ as to the extent a practice is likely to be positively or negatively related to performance (Becker & Gerhart, 1996). Some scholars also express concern regarding the actor between this relationship do empirical studies actually prove that HRM practices cause increased performance? It has been said that HRM practices are not the only factor which could affect a firms performance many other organizational and environment factors could in fact be attributed to performance (Boxall & Purcell, 2000).Barney (1986) developed the Resource ground View of the firm (RBV). He argued that certain organizational resources and capabilities can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage for the firm, and therefore can increase organizational performance through superior financial pe rformance. Barney (1986) affirmed that a firms organizational culture can in fact be one of these resources. However, he asserts that not just any culture will lead to a competitive advantage corporate culture must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and be of value to the entire organization.If a companys organizational culture meets these four criteria it has a ruin opportunity to be a source of sustained competitive advantage. In addition an appropriate HRM system can create and develop organizational capabilities which themselves become sources of competitive advantage (Lau & Ngo, 2004). For example, one of Americas most successful retailers, Nordstrom, attributes their success to its culture of customer service. This culture is seen as a unique, valuable and hard to imitate resource and has become a source of competitive advantage for the company (Carmeli & Tishler, 2004).Since organizational cultures and HRM systems can be a valuable resource for companies they hav e a make role to play in the firm performance link. Conclusion This paper has focused around the concept of organizational culture. It has primarily explored the relationship and different views between HRM and culture. While a number of challenging views exist in regards to the HRM- culture link, it is commonly found that HRM practices influence organizational culture, by providing information to employees that impacts their assumptions, values and attitudes.In addition, certain HCM practices are said to shape work force attitudes by framing employees perceptions about the organization in turn leading to higher levels of job satisfaction, retention and motivation all of which influence a firms performance. Furthermore, an organizations strategy has been alleged to influence corporate culture indirectly through the implementation of HRM practices that help the organization attain their goals. Organizational culture has been considered a valuable resource for companies and could in fact lead to a competitive advantage for the firm.While HRM has been argued to affect organizational culture, and in turn lead to firm performance we need to be wary of arguing that current evidence proves this relationship. There could, and probably are, a number of other organizational elements that provide a link between HRM and firm performance. More studies regarding the organizational culture and performance link need to be conducted before we can deduce this causality relationship. In saying this, organizational culture has been shown to be an important formulation of a firm, as it can, and does affect employees behaviours, motivation and value.

The Importance Of Depreciation Expenses

Depreciation as a concept and in practice plays a very important role in a companys currency cling hence in funding. The reasons are basically two, firstly because depreciation is a elan of self finance for an organization and secondly because is a way of decreasing taxes that the government claims as the company doesnt have to pay taxes on depreciation which consequently enlarges the cash flow of the company. As a terminus depreciation in accounting is the demonst locate of allocating the cost of a bully asset over the period of its useful spirit.Depreciation takes into account the belittle in the service potential of capital assets invested in a line of work venture, resulting from such causes as physical wear and tear in commonplace use, deterioration by natural elements or obsolescence caused by technological changes. fundamentally depreciation is a loss in value or a diminishment in food market price of a good always winning the time factor into account. Depreciation is a rate of change in value in an asset fixed or current compared to the empower value of that asset.For example if a company purchases machinery for the production of a plastered product the management must take under consideration the equipments heart cycle, meaning that this machinery has a certain period of time in which it good deal contribute to the production before it becomes useless. Useless in a mavin of a in the buffer machine will be invented in some historic period which will be probably faster or more open(a) to produce better quality. The time factor of course always varies depending on the asset.For example the usefulness of a computer whitethorn be leash divisions before it needs replacing, as for a building may be fifty years. A Mercedes van for instance in year 2000 could be purchased at the value of 13 million drachmas and its productive life span before it needs to be replaced will probably be 8 years. After the 8 years the van purchased would cease from world of any productive use to the company and if it needs to be resoled its market value would have depreciated drastically due to the time fade from the initial purchase.Its devaluation is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. But depreciation doesnt apply only to current assets but in like manner is applicable to fixed assets as well. Buildings are losing their value too taking the time scale factor under consideration again. If a new building in year 1980 was valued century million drachmas as a newly built structure its value by the year 2030 will be definitely decreased by the depreciation rate estimated.The most widely used method to calculate depreciation is the so called straight line method, in which the rate of depreciation is constant for the wide-cut working life of the capital assets. Thus, if a machine cost 1 million 100 thousand drachmas and is assumed to have a 10 year useful life and a mite value of 10 0 thousand drachmas at the end of 10 years, the amount of annual depreciation would be 100 thousand drachmas and the annual depreciation rate 10 per cent.Which is the annual depreciation divided by cost minus scrap value. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement it is not a prevail over to taxation therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. This behind be visible from the following cash flow calculation.

Evaluating the Research Process/ Childhood Obesity Essay

Ji Li, PhD and Neal Hooker, PhD conducted a nominatevass on the cogitates of electric razorhood obesity and children who argon enrolled in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), School eat Program (SBP), clubs such as sports and others, and different living and household factors. This hire utilized the conceptual framework of the literature review from the National subject area of Childrens Health (NSCH) during 2003 and 2004, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The need utilized the common quantitative research order called a come off which is a form of wondernaire.The check up on was a telephone survey which was conducted on children 6-17 years old and surrounded questions about the physical and psychological lives. In the champaign there were 62,880 children studied and questioned. The claim was conducted following ethical guidelines as it was non biased and took information from households, which were selected randomly, and had one child between the ages of 6-17. Also, the hire was conducted by asking the families a series of questions that remained the same no depicted object the household or childrens age.The rights of the subjected were protected by random excerpt process however I do question the use of a telephone survey because the identities of the individuals can be identified based on the telephone numbers. The study does not indicate whether the telephone numbers of the respondents were put down so it is difficult to determine whether this is a factor. In my opinion ensuring the anonymity of the subjects is particularly important when dealing with the group focused on by this study because they are children.That world said the study did not contract to encourage, promote, or interfere in the lives of the subjects so I would say their rights were reasonably protected. The questions that were asked of the children were as follows age, gender, highest level of childs parents (high naturalise), highest level of childs parents (college), primary language in the home, current inform child is enrolled (public or private), was child on a sports team in the past 12 months, in the past 12 months did the child participate in a club, bonnie hour the child spent on the computer per chool day, average hour the child spent watching television on a coach day, during the past month did either parent spend whatsoever time exercising enough to bring heart rate or breathing up, does anyone in the household smoke, is the household income more than 300% of the pauperism limit, is the household income less than 300% of the poverty limit, during the past 12 months did anyone in the household receive free or decrease eates or eat, and in the end what is the body mass index (BMI) of the selected child in the household.Each question was given a point value of 0 or 1 and the totals were calculated by each household (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). In cost of statistical analysis the s elective information is telling the interpreter what households crap a child who is over the recommended BMI or under the recommended BMI and how their lifestyle or social practices come into work influencing the BMI. The data was analyzed by grouping the selected children into groups of children who suffice public teach versus private school, their households income range, if they qualify for the school lunch or breakfast programs, and their BMI.The data was also analyzed in reference to all of the other questions asked such as parents education, and if anyone in the household smokes. All of these household and social situations can be used for analysis and to see if there is a trend that indisputable children in certain life situations may be more credibly to suffer from childhood obesity. I think that the data is definitely statistically significant however, I do think the numbers could be blemish in reference to the mortal universe surveyed by telephone organism truthf ul. The conclusions do match the results of the study that was conducted.The conclusion was that children who attend public schools feel a slightly high BMI than those who do not, and children who qualify for free or reduced lunch or breakfast programs have an even higher BMI and are at a higher risk of macrocosm gruelling (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). The conclusions also answers the research questions that were defined in the problem including the socioeconomic issues play a habit in childhood obesity? Do the public or private school governances play a role in childhood obesity? Do the school lunch and breakfast programs play a part in childhood obesity?The survey results appeared to answer yes to all of these questions. I do think that the results off of the data, is faultless and appropriate. However, like I stated earlier in the paper, I do think that the numbers could be skewed due to inaccurate answers by the person being surveyed. The study found that children at tending public school had a mean BMI value of 0. 401 higher than those children who attended private school. Also, if the child surveyed attended public school and received free or reduced lunch or breakfast in the public school hence their BMI value was 0. 25 higher than the child who attended private school.The study concluded that children in public school who took part in the lunch and breakfast programs posed a 4. 5% higher risk of being overweight (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). When the numbers are reviewed it is easy to conclude that there is a link between obesity and the public school system as well as the free and reduced repast programs. This link was also not altered due to socioeconomic status of the household. The study also found that children with active parents who play sports or other activities have a BMI mean value of 0. 99 less than children of parents who are not active. Also, children who took part in sports activities after school or on the weekends had a BMI mean value of 0. 751 trim down than children who did not participate in an bodily process (Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010).There is a clear link between lower BMI values and active parents and active children. Education levels of the parents also appear to play a role in a childs chances of being obese. The study concluded that children with parents who finished high school have a BMI of 0. 17 less than those who have less than a high school education. Also, in the households where the parents completed a college education the BMI is reduced by 1. 279 in value. In households where Spanish is the primary language, the BMI was found to be 0. 680 higher than households where face was the primary language ( Li, J. , & Hooker, N. , 2010). After review of the data in regards to the conclusion the analysis is found to be appropriate as school repast programs and household twine do in fact modulate childhood obesity.There is a lot of information about the study and the data t hat was collected and its effectiveness. I think that the data collected can be used to link childhood obesity and school meal programs. However, I also think that the data can be dispute by the way in which the data was collected, by telephone survey. The person conducting the survey cannot verify or prove that the person being surveyed is being truthful. Also, it is unknown how the people being surveyed were asked to take part, other than by random phone number selection.If the person asked to do the survey is having issued with their school or the school meal programs their answered might be different if they knew the data could influence the thoughts on school and their meal programs. I think that this survey is truly beneficial however, I would think that a different survey method other than telephone methods would help to make the data more cover and effective. In the end, the study does give valid data that can be evaluated to help decide the links to schools and childhood obesity.I think that the data collected can mean great change in the meal programs and the need for such change. I do not believe though that the results obtained from the study are statistically significant as the differences in more or less of the categories were not extraordinary one way or the other. The possible flaws in the way the information was obtained would in my opinion devalue the validity of the study. Without having substantial medical knowledge regarding the childs BMI the information is based on the opinions of the respondents.

Shell Oil Company Case Study

caseful cover Comp each is a manwide ag assemblage of petrochemicals and energy companies and a subsidiary of Royal Dutch be enjoin that was created in 1907. It is amultinational gas and embrocate friendship that has its origins from Anglo-Dutch and their headquarters is in The Hague, Netherlands. collection plate is one of the biggest vegetable oil and gas companies worldwide and one of the most sugar adequate. 3% of the worlds natural gas and 2.5 of its oil is verify by smash. The familiarity is employing more than 80.000 people in more than 80 countries around the world and 22.000 of these employees be based in the US where they pro considerable nigh 25.000 branded gas stations. According to its revenue in 2010, (285 129 gazillion dollars) chew up is the second largest familiarity in the world. rag Oil smart set has a wide range of activities by operating in regions much(prenominal) as America especi everyy and excessively in the rest of the world. The activi ties of the corporation be in exploring for and extracting down-to-earth oil and natural gas most of the term in collaboration with international and national oil companies. They try liquefied natural gas to customers any around the world by change it and likewise convert natural gas into liquids in order to house cleaner burning fuels. The multinational sells daily a quantity of gas pedal and diesel sufficient to fuel more than 16 million cars and to confer electricity for 34 million home globally. cuticle also converts bitumen, a thick and heavy oil extracted from mined oil sands into unreal crude oil and develops wind power with the goal of generating electricity.These activities ar all part of the companys Upstream argumentes and it has interests in europium, Asia, Middle East, Russia, Africa and Oceania. trounce also has a Downstream organization that is do up of a large repress of wrinklees. These activities principally consist in turning crude oil into ref ined products, which are transported and sold worldwide for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose, fuels, bitumen and lubricants overwhelmd. Refining, statistical distribution and Supply are the chief(prenominal) activities of their Manufacturing traffic. Shell trades crude oil, oil products, and petrochemicals prototypal to optimize raw materials for their Manufacturing line of business and to supply their Marketing business. The company also has a carbonic acid gas organization in charge of coordinating the activities of the CO2 management within the company. Shell Tradings global web intromits its activities in every authorised energy market around the world.MANAGEMENT aggroup OF SHELLPETER VOSERHe joined Shell in 1982 subsequently his graduation in Business Administration from the Applied Science University in Zurich. He is the master(prenominal) administrator Officer of Shell since July 2009. He had occupied many bunks much(prenominal) as Chief pecuniary Of ficer and had also been an Executive film director of Royal Dutch Shell before being CEO and has a visual modality of geezerhood of experience. He has also served in other companies such as the Asea Brown Boveri. He has been CFO of Shell Europe Oil Products as well from 1999 to 2001.SIMON HENRYHe is the Chief Financial Officer of the company and at the alike meter a genus Phallus of the board of Royal Dutch Shell. He has joined it in 1982 after his graduation in Mathematics from Cambridge University. He is also very experimented for having held virtually(prenominal) positions before his appointment as CFO. From 2004 until his appointment he was occupying the position of Executive Vice President Finance for Exploration and Production.2.0 How Shell is shamed by its milieu The surroundings in business is considered as the forces that may affect the current or coming activities of an organization. The environment in an organization includes the precise environment also cogn ise as line environment and the usual environment.2.1 SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT The specific environment or infixed environment is the one that can be controlled by the business. Its components that include the customers, the suppliers, the competitors and the pressure group can presently affect the business. 2.1.1 CustomersCustomer is the briny point of any business. The success of any business depends on the importance given to the customers. The match customers have on Shell vary accord to the area. In approximately countries where people have low income the increase of the oil price that go along most of the time can be amajor problem. close of the people cant continually afford the gas postulate for their cars because of its high price. In some countries the timberland of the service that leaves to be desire is part of the main complains of Shell customers. These factors resulted in a loss of arrogance of the customers and had an impact on the companys image profit.2.1. 2 SuppliersA number of various suppliers are needed in any business enterprise. Suppliers provide raw materials and components to the company. Shell suppliers are also its internal stakeholders and partners in the strand of act. Bringing petrol from the oil well to the petrol pump is their main duty. A deficiency of reliability or efficiency in this task can result in a succession of problems poignant directly the company well-being because suppliers are part of the organizations internal environment.Shell has al offices been in ethical terms with it suppliers, but the company is even so preventive concerning its supply chain. Shell has various core take to be that are important in the way that the company runs. Its suppliers must line up to these value for a continuous profound partnership because any lack in the supply chain could be defective to the companys good running.2.1.3 CompetitorsFor a business competitors are the companies that are in the same manufacture and deliver same products or function to customers. Shell main competitors include Exxon Mobil, PETRONAS, Chevron and CITGO, Total. These companies represent a danger for Shell because they provide the same services and products and often with substantial discount on their price. In the aboriginal 90s Shell was the most profitable company in Europe but it had been in the process of restructuring.The main reason was that the R.O.C (Return of roof of the company) was lagging buttocks Exxon the companys main competitor. Shell had approximately 117,000 employees in 1993 and it rock-bottom to 106,000 in 1994. The net income of the company also decreased to 36% from 1993 to 1994. All these facts occurred because of competition.2.2 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTThe general environment is also known as nonmarket environment, it is composed of the Economic, socio-cultural, political, demographic,technologic and sometimes global factors that can affect the business performance. It includes the interact ions surrounded by the firm and the governance or global entities.2.2.1 Political factorsPolitical factors include the legislations of a government businesses are make to respect.. Government policies on Shell have a big impact on Shell Oil bon ton, because the productions rate in Oil business is change by these policies. Taxes on petroleum applied in the countries where refineries are built also affect the business. Political instability of countries where Shell has its refinery can also be a factor that affects the business. In Nigeria Shells profit were higher than elsewhere, but the political instability that occurred in that country in the past years has really impacted the business and its profit in that particular area.2.2.2 Economic factorsFor a business the stinting environment refers to the sparing factors that can have an effect on the business well-being. These factors include sparing systems, policies, resources, nature of economy and the economic legislation. T he high unemployment rate in countries where Shell operates is an unfavorable factor. The Gross National Product Trend and the inflation rate are also factors that affect Shell Oil Company. In the drop dead five years the joint venture of the Shell Oil Company in Nigeria has participated about more than $38million to the economy of the country, tax and royalty include and is receiving annually 95% of the profit from the companys onshore production in the Niger Delta. This is economically affecting the business in terms of income. The decomposition pertaining in Nigeria which is one of the most corrupted countries in Africa has its impacts and is preventing the company to do its business ethically.2.2.3 Socio-Cultural factorsShell is operating in almost all the parts of the world, so the company has to wish with the cultural and societal differences. Society and culture work out all the aspects of an overseas business, the business has to be mindful of the opinions, feelings and attitudes in the local environment. In Nigeria most of the young people living in the delta where Shell is operating are uneducated and are living in the misery.In 1999 armed servicesyouths hijacked sixty four Shell staff and blocked all bother roads. This violent culture of Nigerians isnt a good factor for the company that made of this country one of its more important areas of operation. The military youths spilled the oil near the SPDC Shell Petroleum Development Company areas. The company has been obliged to pay compensation for spoiling the environment and prevent the crash of local social infrastructure. This is one of the multiple socio-cultural factors faced by the Shell worldwide.2.2.4 technological factorsA business enterprise in order to have competitive gain over others has to make action plans on time to adjust with technological advancements. Aware of that Shell has over the years tried to accommodate his services according to the technological advancements. The y have introduced the Shell Oil Card for earnings at Shell station and this was a great innovation. But since technology isnt available in all the regions of the world there were some drawbacks with the use of the carte du jour, for example it is not accepted in some countries or worst people dont have access to it. Shell is providing his services in a lot of African countries and most of the time it is in that part of the world that a consequent technological lack is noticeable.2.2.5 Environmental factorsOil companies like Shell have to take particularly trade of the environment because they are using substances that can damage the environment. Shell has been charge in the recent years of pollution by farmers in the Nigerian delta where it has one of its most important operations. Even if the court has acquitted the company in that case, that event made people doubting of the social responsibility of the company.Farmer in the Nigerian Delta .3.0 How Shell adapted to the change s in its environment? 3.1 accommodation to the changes in the specific environment3.1.1 CustomersFor customer satisfaction, speed of service is an important value that needs to be taken in account by organizations. technology has made it easy forbusinesses to meet the customer needs in a very quick way which is connectivity. Aware of that Shell has set up the Shell Customer Lounge that is a website which makes easy the business between Shell and its customers. This service according to Peter Voser has brought a lot of satisfactions to Shells customers and allowed the company to handle some problems that occurred in recent years due to a lack of promptness and speed by the company. Shell is trying somehow to make the price of their services meet the income of their customers according to the area by trying to make it affordable.3.1.2 CompetitorsRelative to its competitors Shells performance was very weak and in order to avoid what happened in the 90s when the companys return on cap ital lagged behind Exxon the former head of the company decided to change the strategies. The company realized that the real purpose of effective planning is to change the way the determination makers think. Shell, in order to gain competitive advantage over its main competitors is implementing a strategy that others can hardly repeat. The company came up in the last years with unique skills in terms of technology and integration, and a worldwide set of opportunities for future investments. According to Peter Voser the CEO of the company, Shells efforts to expand its pipeline of possible energy projects are already successful and this can be a real way to overtake competitive advantage over the companys competitors.3.1.3 SuppliersFor a business it is of a capital importance to develop long term and select relationships with those taking part in the business process such as suppliers. Shell forces its suppliers to be in accordance with its business principles and core determine for a good relationship and good terms of work. The company has made clear in its code of conducts report that they will stop all activities with any supplier that does not match all these qualifications. This is a way to shift any potential changes relative to its supply chain.3.2 variation to the changes in the general environment3.2.1 Adaptation to the political factorsTo face the political factors that affect its business Shell has revised its business strategies in hostile and turbulent environment particularly in Nigeria. The company made planning to be able to face any identical scenario that could occur in the future by focusing on medium term planning instead of long term planning. Shell has set up a discussion with workshops for a better interaction with the local communities in Nigeria and also pressurized their workers for radical changes in turbulent environment.3.2.2 Adaptation to the economic factorsTo adapt to the economic problems faced in reliable of their operat ing areas, Shell has set up a lot of strategies particularly in Nigeria. The company is facing a lot of problems in that area due to the difficulty of the economy such as the taxes impose on their business and the corruption. The head of the company said that they have to accommodate on making huge profit every year because the taxes and government regulations on the company are unavoidable. Shell identifies its own core determine as honesty and respect for people to fight against the corruption which is affecting its activities in Nigeria. Shell communicated its anti-corruption principles by providing training programs and also made its workers aware of the importance of having legal and non-corruptive activities. The company has implemented various policies and initiatives to do its business properly without any kind of corruption, illegal or unethical practices.3.2.3 Adaptation to the socio-cultural and technologic factorsFor a company it is of a capital importance to know how to deal with the social and cultural factors in the area of operations. Shell faced a lot of socio cultural factors that affected its business in the past years. These factors had a negative impact on Shell running but the company aiming to cover a bigger area to implement its activities is still proceed to adapt itself in hostile and violent environment like Nigeria. Since the world knows a fast technological advance businesses must know how to adapt to these changes. This can help to get a competitive advantage on others. Shell is trying to make its oil card available in regions where there is a technological backwardness such as certain parts of Africa.4.0 CONCLUSION4.1 ObjectivesKnowing that without customers a business cant run in the long term Shell major objectives is to win and maintain customers by providing to them products and services that offer value in terms of price and quality. The company is also aiming to meet customers want value for money that is to provide the highest quality of services at competitive prices. Shells people penetrative that this can give a quick stop to the achievement of the companys goals are trying to find solutions to allow the use of the card everywhere in the world. Shell has various core values that are important in the way that the company runs. Its suppliers must adapt to these values for a continuous good partnership because any lack in the supply chain could be defective to the companys good running. Shells main objectives are to extract and deliver oil profitably by respecting the social and environmental norms. The company is looking in the lead to get a bigger standard of performance and maintain their position in terms of competition in the areas they operate.4.2 RecommendationsThe company should work nestled with its customers its partners and its policymakers to proceed to more sustainable use of energy. In Nigeria Shell should go further in their strategies to fight the bad impact the political and e conomic factors have on the company because the general environment is as important as the specific and all these factors can be really deadly to the good running of the company. Shell Group must engage responsibly and profitably in oil and other businesses of their choices, participate in the interrogation of other sources of energy to keep on satisfying customer needs.

Investigation in Microtubule Dynamic Instability

Title Investigation in microtubule dynamic instability mental home Microtubules argon important for maintaining cell structure, intracellular transport, formation of mitotic spindle, as comfortably as a nonher(prenominal)wise cellular processes. Investigation of dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly allow us to understand the malfunction of mitotic spindle formation or other cellular processes. This experiment is divided into two embark ons we argon going to find out the critical parameters for achieving superior middling aloofness of microtubules in part matchless and achieving the superior upshot of microtubules in part two.Principle In this experiment, we used a simulation programme to explore how unhomogeneous parts change the way microtubules grow out from centrosome, and the ricochet back. Growth valuate, shrink roll, catastrophe swan, rescue target, release charge per unit, minus break off end depolymerization place, nucleation graze and nucl eation localize are the factors we can adjust to see how them affects the average space and number of microtubules. The simulation time acceleration is posture to 5x real time. apiece time a parameter is varied and others are controlled factors.The record is interpreted when the simulation has reached steady state and graphs are plotted. Results Part1 How to achieving superlative average continuance of microtubules firm parameter Shrink consecrate Catastrope Rescue vent-hole MED Nuc rate Nuc sites Variable Growth rate 0. 263 0. 042 0. 064 0. 024 0. 8 0. 02 one hundred eighty Result 1 2 3 4 5 Mean 0. 14 32. 9 21. 12 23. 93 23. 95 27. 54 25. 888 0. 16 33. 19 36. 82 32. 5 28. 83 30. 15 32. 298 0. 18 29. 79 39. 11 41. 19 40. 8 31. 54 36. 486 0. 2 40. 77 41. 19 45. 94 38. 28 47. 66 42. 768 0. 22 38. 6 47. 49 48. 53 48. 55 47. 96 46. 238 0. 24 42. 25 45. 31 45. 25 46. 81 40. 95 44. 114 Table1 Figure1 Fixed parameter Growth rate Shrink rate Catastrop/ Release MED Nuc rate Nuc cit es Variable Rescue 0. 12 0. 263 0. 042 0. 024 0. 8 0. 02 180 Result 1 2 3 4 5 sloshed 0. 084 23. 76 22. 77 26. 56 30. 78 25. 12 25. 798 0. 104 18. 88 19. 07 17. 82 20. 08 17. 55 18. 68 0. 124 19. 96 16. 69 17. 37 19. 37 22. 38 19. 154 0. 144 21. 34 19. 53 20. 54 21. 44 21. 95 20. 96 0. 164 20. 65 18. 76 21. 76 16. 33 19. 73 19. 446Table2 Figure 2 Discussion apiece free tubulin dimer contains one tightly bound GTP molecule that is hydrolyzed to GDP aft(prenominal) the subunit is added to a growing microtubules. When polymerization is proceeding rapidly, tubulin molecules add to the end of the microtubule faster that the GTP they carry is hydrolyzed, and the microtubule development. 1 Varied the growth rate and kept other factors constant, the average space of microtubules should unendingly make up. However, the average length of microtubules rises as growth rate increase from 0. 14 to 0. 22m/ randomness and contain increasing at 0. 2m/sec. It tends to direct off instead than increase at 0. 22m/sec. It pith the growth rate is no longer the limiting factor. Some factors other than growth rate, whitethorn be the rescue rate, limited the increase of the average length. Rescue rate is the rate at which a shrinking microtubule switches to growing state. We assume the greatest rescue rate, the to a greater extent the microtubules undergo polymerization. So that the proportion of growing microtubules would increase and the average length rise. Instead of increase, the average length of microtubules drops from 0. 084 to 0. 104m/sec.Increase the rescue rate whitethorn trigger the mechanism that lowers the average length of microtubules. It rest at around 20m from 0. 104 to 0. 164m/sec recalls that that there is no correlation between rescue rate and the average length beyond a point among 0. 084 and 0. 104m/sec. Part2 How to achieve the greatest number of microtubules Fixed parameter Growth rate Catastrop Rescue Release MED Nuc rate Shrink rate Variable nuc site 0. 12 0. 042 0. 064 0. 024 0. 8 0. 02 0. 263 Result 1 2 3 4 5 mean 180 47 65 42 57 68 55. 8 200 70 77 66 53 68 66. 220 71 73 86 70 68 73. 6 240 82 88 85 81 84 84 260 90 93 80 81 84 85. 6 280 87 107 100 97 91 96. 4 300 90 101 110 92 96 97. 8 Figure3 Fixed parameter Growth rate Shrink rate Catastrop Rescue Release MED Nuc cites Variable nuc rate 0. 12 0. 263 0. 042 0. 064 0. 024 0. 8 180 Result 1 2 3 4 5 mean 0. 02 62 57 49 54 50 54. 4 0. 04 95 107 85 80 86 90. 6 0. 06 103 110 107 113 114 109. 4 0. 08 cxx 99 112 113 115 111. 8 0. 1 124 134 126 116 113 122. 6 0. 12 long hundred 131 130 119 136 127. 0. 14 136 128 127 130 136 131. 4 Table4 Figure4 Discussion Centrosomes contain annular structures formed from ? -tubulin, and each ? -tubulin ring serves as the starting point, the nucleation site, for the growth of one microtubule. The nucleation site acts as a preexisting microtubule structure for ?? -tubulin dimers assembly. 1 We assume the much the nucleation site, the more the microtubules present. According to table3, the number of microtubules is always increasing with the number of nucleation site. in that location is no sign of level off or decline of the curve.It always is the limiting factor of the number of microtubules. The nucleation rate is the rate at which modernistic microtubules are nucleated at the centrosome. The number of microtubules should be raised if the nucleation rate increase since raw(a) microtubules generated. Indeed, the number of microtubules is raised as the nucleation rate increased. From 0. 02 to 0. 06m/sec, the increase of microtubules is sharp and starts to slow down afterward. The trend shows that the curve would level off at certain level eventually. It means there are some factors other than nucleation rate control the number of microtubules.The number of nucleation site may be the limiting factor as all nucleation sites are occupied by the microtubules, so that no new microtubules generated. Limitations In true(a) cell, the number of tubulin dimer is limited. This factor is non shown in this simulation programme. The temperature and the pH may affect the configuration and polymerization of the microtubules. There are some microtubules not attached to the centrosome, but present in cilia and flagella. It is not clearly utter by the simulation programme whether these microtubules is counted. ConclusionsBesides the growth rate, there are other limiting factors controlling the average length of microtubules. We cannot achieve the greast average length of microtubules by consider growth rate is the only factor. We found that we should postponement the rescue rate at 0. 084m/sec or below. Also, more information about the rescue rate below 0. 084m/sec should be obtained. Both nucleation site and nucleation rate are the factors controlling the number of microtubules. But the nucleation site is more critical than the nucleation site. The above show the nucleation rate is restricted by other factor s but the nucleation sites does not.We should examine another set of data by varying the nucleation rate with more nucleation site. If the plateau of new obtain curve is above the original curve, nucleation site is limiting factor of the number of microtubules. Similar experiment should be established with different gang of parameters in order to obtain the best curve. In short, there is not enough information for us to draw conclusion for how to achieve the greatest average length and greatest number of microtubules unless we obtain more data. reference book 1. Alberts et al,. (2010) Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Garland Science, p. 579-580

Explore the dramatic Essay

maam Capulet, m otherwise of the young Juliet, was hardly al or so 13 when she married the older entitle Capulet. And now that Juliet has reached the sequence of teens where girls atomic number 18 meant to be ready for marri develop and childbirth, she is being pushed to look for a husband, and that is put to be Paris. Although Juliet does non exactly despise or correct nauseate Paris, she does non feel comfortable unifying or attempting to raise to know somebody who has been forced upon her without consent from her. Although wench and Lord Capulet might see the patronage of a married couple they be not limiting at all.Behind his impale Lady Capulet makes remarks and conjuring tricks that demise Lord Capulet much(prenominal) as when Lord Capulet calls for a sword to fight, she laughs and says that he should instead be career for a crutch as he is too old to fight. A crutch, a crutch Why call you for a sword? besides on the other mass, when Lord Capulet is vio lently screaming at Juliet for disobeying him and refusing to marry Paris and therefore threatens to throw her out of the house, Juliet looks to her engender for support but alls eh says is that she should listen to her nonplus.And even when she asks for the nurses help she says that she better do what Lord Capulet says as she does not take to lose her trick by going against what Lord Capulet, her employer and man of the house she works in. So although they might not flout with anything the man in charge says, they (the nurse and Lady Capulet) wouldnt hold up go against him. As a mother, Lady Capulet is not precise close to Juliet at all.When she requires to get the point across that she should be prepared to marry and that she should try and get to know Paris as he is the star she should marry, she brings the nurse in to try and help her connect with Juliet and get to her as the nurse is the oneness who really brought up Juliet from a young age. save rather than stick u p for Juliet in her case that she does not want to marry yet, nurse agrees with Lady Capulet and she even makes an old fashioned joke that embarrasses Juliet and which Lady Capulet seems to dislike and disagree with but in reality it is what Lady Capulet is trying to say.Thou wilt fall backward when thou comest to age , wilt thou not, Jule? This joke is portraying that in those days wo workforce were not meant in society for a good deal more than than pleasuring the men and having babies. It is an keep that I dream not of. Here Juliet is summing up how she really feels about the plectrum of marrying Paris. Although she is being polite to her mother by saying it would be an honour but she alike makes it clear that it is not an honour that she doesnt want to carry.Then Lady Capulet st nontextual matters to explain how some(prenominal) girls the same age or even younger than Juliet become wives and even mothers and she too was Juliets mother around the same age. This might see m to Lady Capulet that she is convincing Juliet that marrying is a good thing and she can do it at that young age but she could easily be fashioning Juliet second guess the candidate of getting married because she can most likely see what Lady and Lord Capulets relationship is like and that they are very stray from each other and are not very close as a married couple.Today the idea of getting married at an age of 13 or 14 sounds absurd and it is even penal under todays laws. But back in the Juliets cadence it was common and accepted that men would usually marry women much younger than them, sometimes even half their age. Women did not have some(prenominal) rights much(prenominal)(prenominal) as voting, they rarely went to school and any money they transmitted or managed to earn if the were lucky enough to have a job would go straight to their husband or the closest man to them such as their father or brother. This was not only accepted by the men but by everyone.Women enti rely accepted that their sole persona was really to make babies, look after them and as sex toys. But in todays society it is very different as women are allowed to make any choices they want, they have the same rights as men and they are allowed to choose themselves when they want to get married or have a child as long they agree with their partner. Juliets fathers thoughts also changed over time as at prototypal he says to Paris that although he can give him Juliets slip away in marriage, he mustiness also woo her and get her to get along him.As soon as their marriage is put in risk of exposure when one of Paris kinsmen is killed, Lord Capulet is desperate to have the wedding and not have Paris shy away from Juliet so he nowadays says to Paris that he can marry Juliet straight away and he comments on how they should marry three days time, as devil would be too short notice. But fettle your fine joints gainst Thursday next, to go with Paris to St. Peters church. This also shows that Lord Capulet is not in complete control of everything and when the marriage of Juliet and Paris is put into danger, Lord Capulet desperately fights to save the marriage to rushing it to three days time.When Romeo and Juliet first collide with at Capulets party they instantly fall in honey and they have a fatal first kiss which sends them into the turmoils of kip down. Afterwards, when they both ascend out who the other is, they realize that they are meant to be on adversary sides of a acidulated family feud. Tis but thy hollo that is my enemy thou art thyself, though not a Matague. Before their kiss, which Romeo is much more importunate to have, Romeo and Juliet exchange words which are in the form of a sonnet, the only one in the whole story. This sole use of a sonnet accentuates the feelings in their words and importance of the scene.Romeo starts by talk of the town about how he needs to soften Juliet with a kiss but Juliet holds back and says how in praying pilgrims pray and kiss by holding their hands against someone elses. Romeo comments on how hat they do with their hands, they should do with their lips. O wherefore, dear saint, let lips do what hands do. As Juliet tempts and holds Romeo back, the text is compose in the form of a sonnet as Shakespeare tries to emphasize the deep feelings being exchanged betwixt Romeo and Juliet. The sonnet uses rhyming to add a feeling of a meter to the text.The use of this single sonnet in the whole story also singles it out for the reader to know that it is very important and amplylights a key point in the relationship of Romeo and Juliet as it is the first time they met each other. Which mannerly devotion shows in this And palm to palm is saintly palmers kiss. Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer They pray, grant thou, lest faith childs play to despair. As shown in these alternate rhyming sentences, the text shows both Juliets teasing and Romeos eagerness. It is also rhythmic and adds flow to the conversation amid the two star cover lovers.The balcony scene is where Romeo and Juliet first express their square and deep feelings for each other. The balcony that at firsts separates Romeo and Juliet from link uping each other acts as a symbol of the barriers of their familys history against each other. The balcony scene is an intense and decisive scene in the story as it is the point from where Romeo and Juliet cannot playing period away from each other. It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. When he dialog of the east he is talking about how the sun (Juliet) rises and that she is the one which lights up his heart.Moon is often coincided with virginity and she, the sun, must kill the moon, or her virginity, and he is the one to help her do so. I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks two of the fairest stars in all the heaven This could come as a authoritative amount of surprise to a reader as it shows how Romeo does not have incredible amounts of confidence about getting to Juliets heart. But then he also talks how she is a star and that she is something out of this world and when she rests her chin in her hand he wishes that his hand was hers just so that she could get the opportunity to touch her face.See how she leans her cheek upon her hand O that I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek As Juliet calls for Romeo she offers to give up her family name without hesitation and that her family name does not mean anything because she is in love. And Ill no longer be a Capulet thou art thyself, though not a Montague whats in a name? With loves light move did I oerperch these walls, for stony limits cannot hold love out. Here Romeo is talking about the wall of Juliets house which he has to climb to get to her is like the family difference which separates Romeo and Juliet from being happy together.But Romeo explains that like the high boundaries of the wall, the f amily feud they are tied up in is no compare for the love Romeo has and he will not be stopped from winning her. Juliet is much more cautious and nervous about Romeo being caught and veneering the punishment if he does. If they do see thee, they will murder thee. Romeo, as shown before is much more eager to be one with Juliet darn Juliet is constantly slightly holding back. While Romeo is willing to swan on anything for his love for Juliet, Juliet says they are better off if they do not swear on anything at all as it is too sudden.And when Juliet insists that she has to leave Romeo asks wherefore she has to leave him so unsatisfied. O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? But then Juliet proposes that if Romeo wants to prove his profound love for her he should set up their marriage as soon as possible. If that thy bent on(p) of love be honourable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow. She also seems very reluctant to let him leave as she is forced to go back inside as s he has been called for. Good night, good night Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow. Here, as like earlier in the balcony scene, the words of Juliet rhyme for more affect as it is a very heart felt sentence. riming also shows up in the next two lines when Romeo is talking, so Shakespeare must have felt that this was an important or true moment of love between Romeo and Juliet as there was earlier in the balcony scene. The balcony scene is most likely the scene with the greatest amount of feelings being expressed which are revealed through language and forms of writing. Shakespeare does a very good job of making priorities stand out by making the language the text is written in different from text he usually writes.The sonnet is a fantastic way to capture the attention of a reader and urinate an atmosphere really felt between the two star crossed lovers. In the two films, the original version and the new-fangled version, the balcony scene is visualized in different ways but they also have many similarities. In both films, Romeo and Juliet or on opposite sides of a bitter family feud and have to endure the fighting between the two families. The modern film, as expected, is very modernised. Rather than use swords for fighting, the two families have weapons such as guns and small hand knives.

Does age matter in reltionships Essay

Relationships shape our lives. People can fall in love without considering vigor at that time. When it comes to the come along, sometimes no matter for them how old or how un prototyped the partners be. Even if they do non consider about the senesce, but caller criticizes and judges easily. As long as the partners satisfy and bless distributively other who c atomic number 18s about the age except our society. Mi (2011) explains When it comes to love age is just a number. Many couples who get under ones skin a large age difference, they are so happy with their relationships(para.6).Age may cause problems for a lot of people in their relationships sometimes not. However, our society affects most of the time. If erstwhile(a) women date with new(a)er  men, the women bequeath be frowned directly in our society. accord to Mastery (2013) No matter how common it may already sound, date scenarios such as older women dating with younger men are still frowned upon by society. People have heard whining from their family. For example you cannot date with him, he is too old or too young and if people date with young or old people then everybody says about them.It really influences you and makes you guilty however on that point is nothing faulty to worry. Curley (2013) says What matters love is love, no matter what age or circumstance with to a greater extent love in your flavour, there pass on be more life in your love.. For example if people have young partner, they can don care of each other soften than having old partner. If you have corresponding age partners then partners will definitely need help because they will not be as energetic as before.For example if you have young partner, he or she can take care of you better than having old partner. If you have same age partner you and your partner will definitely need help because you and your partner will not be as energetic as before. In conclusion, many people readiness think the dissimilar ages cause so many problems in their relationships. I agree, it might be true, but problem is everywhere in relationships does not matter about age even though people are in the same age still they will have different problems. As long as people are happy with their relationships, there is no necessary to say anything. Schilling (2007) explains When it comes to love, age is just a number

Energy Drinks Customer Analysis Essay

Energy drinks consumers argon generally bellow 35 years of maturate. The industry targets teenagers, young adults and athletes. Workers are in like manner included in the market atom for this proceeds. As regards to customers description, new studies has pointed out that 65% of dynamism markets are male (Energy sop ups Market, n. d). Consumers are usually single with an average income ( substitution development Organization, 2009, p. 8). Nowadays, verve drinks are very popular among teenager students. As sustain by Bahrain Central Information Organization webpage (CIO), students rate is 174.98 per chiliad population. This is a large percent taking into account the very sensitive population of Bahrain. Further much, sight at this period of age are surface known to be very outgoing and active but with increase burdens of daily studies they become very busy and in need for a fast and effective boost for their zip fastener. Similarly, athletes are close toly young adults and students at the same time. They surely need aptitude drinks to build their bodies and to provide them with much strength to exercise their favorite sport.Added to that, workers constitute the third part of vigour drinks customers. They use aptitude drinks quite often, especially the unmatcheds with two jobs or more or a full time job. Working in these field becomes so exhausting which creates a need for more energy and it is obtained by energy drink consumption. For students energy drinks are intensively consumed during midterm or final exams period. Teenagers become nervous and very tired due to the commodious pressure provoked by hard work analyse.A recent study shows that one-half of college students consume at least 1 energy drink per month (M. A. Heckman, K. Sherry, and E. Gonzalez de Mejia, 2010). Students expect that this would help them gain more energy in compensate of the amount they switch lost. Added to that, athletes need energy drinks onward big matches or during tournaments. They aim to gain extra power in order to be able to exercise more and to go on with their games. The customers situations mentioned above will certainly cause risque demand on this product in energy drinks market.Whats more the distribution of the product in Bahrain will be on several places around the country. Hyper markets, pharmacies, universities and colleges, gyms and also sport clubs are all ideal places to introduce the product as the 3 main customers frequently visit those locations. Briefly, market segment for energy drinks is growing well and ready for new products. 2. 2 Customer definition At the time we come to think about energy drinks consumers, we essential determine which concourse is in real need for the product.Every soul is exposed to the fatigue of daily animateness which often comes with hard studying or overwork. Youth though, are the most affected stem of people as they suffer more from the insufficient amount of energy caused b y lack of sleep and hard work (Target Group for Energy make happy Ads and the Market, n. d). Granted, a great number of people are working thirster hours and appear to lead busier and more stressful lives however their bodies often rear endt cope because they are often also making vile food and lifestyle choices (J. Davies, n. d, paragraph 1).For energy drinks consumers, motivation depends on how often they actually need to satisfy their wants and needs. However, many campaigns were lead offed by lead energy drinks companies to stimulate motivation. Nevertheless, this target market is mostly consisted of male consumers who mostly look at in the sincerity of energy drinks claims. As a consequence, energy drinks are basically targeted towards today generation (Target Group for Energy Drink Ads and the Market, n. d). 2. 2. 1 Geographic the product will hit units with the largest amount of populations in Bahrain.As demonstrated in the tabularise bellow, the legal age of the popu lation is concentrated in the three governorates Capital, Central and Northern. Administrative units, figure 1 Northern Central Capital Muharraq Southern Southern Map of The Administrative Units Division, figure 2 Moreover, all three are located in the upper posture of the country (figure 2). As explained in further point of this report the product is a new brand of Coca Cola Co. The Cola pulverisation is located in Salmabad an industrial area in Bahrain (Wikipedia, 2010). This would be the start point of the distribution process.Then, the product will be delivered to universities, one of the largest places of students gatherings for guinea pig University of Bahrain, Bahrain polytechnic and AMA. The product will be available in campuses whether in fuelteens, small cold stores or even cafeterias. Also, athletes can easily examine the product in gyms and other sports halls. Furthermore, famous hypermarkets such as Geant, lulu and Carrefour Hypermarket will be the ultimate seller for the product. All three types of customer can simply engender the product in one of these locations.2. 2. 2 Demographic To start with, market segment for energy drinks is targeted at group of people in their late teens to early thirties. The age group is determined between 18 to 34 years of old. Age Groups two Sexes Males 15 19 70,363 35,961 20 24 102,341 60,497 25 29 151,173 102,994 30 34 139,108 93,838 Total 462985 293290 Figure 3 The data in this table is retrieved from Bahrain Central Information Organization This table presents the population of both Bahraini and non-Bahraini residents in the age group of 15-34.The third column illustrates Males numbers since the majority of consumers belong to this gender. According to the above table, the total population of this market segment is estimated by 462985. Almost 293290 are men which mean they are more than the half of the entire population. there are three main occupations for this tug they are students, athletes or b usy employees. The statistics of Supreme Council for Woman SCW shows that the average age of first marriage for men is 26. 4. This indicates that group A are keep mum single while are married.The statistics also confirm that most families in Bahrain include 5 to 6 members. This proves that consumers typically have a metier size family. Whats more, the first group of consumers is supposed to be high school seniors, recent graduates or college students. On the other hand, group B members are usually universities graduates and new employees. It is proven that customers are willing to kick in more per liter in return they expect to receive a satisfactory boost of energy (staff reporter, 2006, paragraph 5). 2. 2. 3 Psychological Characteristics There are several behaviors that characterize energy drinks customers.They are always want for more energy. Those consumers are very practical and always thinking of having fun. However, they can easily be tired out by daily duties and work. oddly if they are students with part time jobs or sport activities for athletic students. Added to that, workers who have two or more jobs or work in a full time job can also be jeopardized to free burning pressure and every day stress. Therefore, energy drinks becomes the savior for them due to the spry power that helps them restore their low energy and persist the day normally. 2. 2.4 Behavioral Characteristics The majority of energy drinks customers are young people. Their love for life and hyper is what rightfully distinguish them. Whats more, energy drinks consumers are described to be really outgoing and very active. This crowd is always trying to find a better way to enjoy their selves. Another thing is that, this group like speed, flash, and direct thrill which can be obtained by most energy drinks taking into account the important role of bold advancement in satisfying customers taste (Packaging Schemes & Energy Popular Drink Designs, n. d).Nevertheless, in some poin t of the day they can get really busy which upset quite a large number of them and foresee them from completing their activities. This is where the energy drinks market takes place of forming a reliable regenerate source of body energy.References 1. Energy Drinks Market. n. d. Retrieved from http//researchwikis. com/Energy_Drinks_Market 2. Bahrain Central Information Organization. Page. 8. 2009. Retrieved from http//www. cio. gov. bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Bahrain%20in%20Figure/BIF2007_2008. pdf 3. M. A. Heckman. K. Sherry. and E. Gonzalez de Mejia. 2010.