The Role of the Managers in Criminal Justice Organizations Essay

The Role of the Managers in Criminal Justice Organizations - Essay Example Managers play a significant role in improving the working of criminal justice organizations. â€Å"Criminal justice management positions can range from the police chief of a small town police department to the director of a national crime-fighting organization† (Marlow, 2011). All employees from lower level to higher level look towards the instructions of the managers for doing any kind of operation. In criminal justice organizations, a manager is a person who takes care of all administrative matters and issues. In an interview with Mr. Chris Banks, who is the investigation manager in a criminal justice organization, he stated that managers play different types of managerial roles in criminal justice organizations (personal communication, September 26, 2011). Some of the managerial posts in criminal justice organizations include investigation managers, correction officers, probation and parole managers, and administrative managers. A manager in such organizations not only inst ructs his/her subordinates but also motivates them to do well for the organizations. It is a fact that unskilled and untrained managers can never put the organization on the path of success; rather they turn out to be great threats to the vision and mission of the criminal justice organizations. A manager in a criminal justice organization needs to be talented, resourceful, daring, and well experienced in order to be successful (More, Vito, & Walsh, 2011). Therefore, it is very important to hire such people for the posts of managers who should have enough skills and abilities to meet different kinds of challenges successfully. The experience and subsequent socialization of criminal justice managers help them work heroically to protect their systems (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2008, p. 7). Managers in criminal justice organizations are able to recognize the unique perspectives of all employees. It helps them create a better working relationship with the employees. A manager manag es and controls a group of employees, which may include police officers and investigation officers, for achieving any specific goal or objective. According to Mr. Banks, to accomplish organizational goals, managers control behaviors of employees because if the mindset of the employees and the managers will not be same, the managers will not be able to achieve the desired goals effectively (personal communication, September 26, 2011). Manages also play the role of leaders because they not only inspire other people by showing a dynamic behavior but also motivate them to accomplish the tasks in an effective manner. The level and the nature of interaction between police officers, court officials, and managers matters a lot in criminal justice organizations. A manager is a supreme authority for the employees and the employees need to adhere to the instructions of their managers. It is the strength of interaction between the manager and the employees, which determine the level of producti vity and success of a criminal justice organization. In an interview with Mr. Steve Johns, who is the operations managers in an organization, he said that the role of managers in criminal justice organization is very influential and mangers use a directive approach to run all administrative matters (personal

Bank Product Profitability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Bank Product Profitability - Essay Example There are so many countries in which the development is very low. That is all due to the lack or resources and lack of financial approaches, the financial institutions for every country needs high investment all these markets are the part of macro economics studies in which the markets of different kinds can be brought together to set the overall structure of the economy. These markets in every country serve as the full adjustment of economic variables within them and are responsible for the growth of the country. In many of the economies, financial markets are those places at which the people can easily buy and sell the securities of different types. These markets are associated with the financial assets and these assets are the financial securities that they buy and sell in the market. The assets which come under the category of the financial assets are the financial securities such as the stocks of various types and bonds with different maturities and the commodities at low costs. These markets are called the efficient market where the buying and selling of different types of securities takes place. These financial markets serve various functions in all the countries of the world and are doing g efforts to attain the liquidity at high levels. In these financial markets it is easy to buy and sell for the people because they offer the large number of buyers and the large number of sellers for selling of the securities. The major objective of the creation of these financial markets is the creation of the good use of savings in the betterment of the economic growth of the country because if the economy does not use the good methods for adjustment of savings the growth of that economy will be low. Thus for their growth of any economy the healthy growth of the financia l markets us necessary. (Andrade, Gegor, Mitchell, Stafford, 103-120, 2001) "Financial markets, institutions and instruments bridge the gap between the academic and professional finance communities. With contributions from leading academics, as well as practitioners from organizations such as the SEC and the Federal Reserve, the journal is equally relevant to both groups. Each issue is devoted to a single topic, which is examined in depth, and a special fifth issue is published annually highlighting the most significant developments in money and banking, derivative securities, corporate finance, and fixed-income securities". (Athanasoglou, Brissimis, Delis, n.p., 2005) These financial markets have three basic types of functions these are the first function which is associated with these financial markets is the raising of capital in the capital markets, the capital markets are the securities markets and their functions are conducted by the government and different private companies. They raised the funds there and these are associated with the long term securities and they are the stock markets and the bonds market with long term maturities. These capital markets are further divided in to two more markets which are called the primary markets

The Well Meadows Hospital Management System

The Well Meadows Hospital Management System This document describes an online management system for a small hospital named as wellmeadows. This system creates online data storage for all the information related to the proceedings of the hospital and hence making the information available as well as more reliable to the users. The information becomes easily accessible as well as more secure with the system being secured by user credentials. The hospitals current functionality is based on a register based system that involves the maintaining of every transaction, records of patients, doctors, nurses in huge files that are stored in hospitals store room. It is not only difficult to search for certain information but also very difficult to maintain historical data. The old files are prone to get damaged and it is very difficult to manage this huge collection of documents and keep it organized. The new system is based on a database management system that allows secure, easy and reliable storage of data and retrieval is also very easy. In the old system, a user needed to know in which register particular information is stored but in the new system a user has a graphical interface, where he can simply search for the information by doing some clicks and selecting the correct options (Liang 2010). The ease in accessing information not only improves the information management but also impacts the day to day activities of the hospital. It reduces the delay in information retrieval and the delay in providing necessary treatment to the patients as per their historic records is also reduced that will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment (Prokosch Dudeck 1995). Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions This document is meant for the users of the system i.e. the administrators and staff of the wellmeadows hospital. This document explains the system design and its usage and not meant for external users. This document not only guides the user how to operate the system but also tells how to use the system efficiently to match with requirements of the user and let him take the profit out of it. This document will also help the developers in the situation where modifications are required in the system. Project Scope The project currently is limited to the internal use of the hospital and is simply meant to store and provide useful information. The system doesnt generate any information or predictions of its own. The system will be helpful in better management of the hospital and will provide all the information in an organized manner. This project is not meant for users outside the hospital and will not allow any person outside the hospital to see the internal and personal information of the people connected to the system. The system will keep the information secure and will keep it limited to people with proper access only. Overall Description Product Perspective This product is a change of methodology for the hospitals and firstly, it will be implemented in the Wellmeadows hospital. There are several similar systems in other big hospitals but this system is designed to meet the cost and utility requirements of the small hospital. This product is an evolutionary product that will be improved in the future and more functionality will be added to it. Product Features The product is useful to the hospital in a number of ways as it provides following features to the hospital:- Easy, storage and retrieval of all patients information that not only helps to maintain track record but also helps the doctors as they can know the treatment history of the patients. Store the entire information about doctors that allow the hospital to decide, which patient will be treated by which doctor. This product not only helps in providing better treatment to the patients but also helps in building trust with patients. It also helps to know about the doctors, who are preferred by patients (Sumathi Esakkirajan 2007). Storage of staffs information that helps in smooth running of the hospital. Storage of all drugs used in the hospital and all drugs being prescribed to the patients that allows more control over the quality of drugs used. It also ensures uniformity among various doctors and to maintain the stock of drugs as per their requirements (Sumathi Esakkirajan 2007). User Classes and Characteristics The system will be used by internal users only and will be accessible to outside users in a limited form. Following are the users of the system: Hospital receptionists: The hospital receptionist will act as system administrators and will make all the entries in the system. They will have access to all the information in system and will take control of the normal proceedings of the hospital. Receptionists will register the patients, allocate staff to various wards, give appointments to patients and will maintain the central stock of medicines and drugs. Charge Nurses: The charge nurses will manipulate the information related to their specific ward and will be able to see all patients information in their ward and provide medication accordingly. They will also be able to see which staff is on duty in their ward and also will be able to see the stock of medicines in their ward. Consultants: The consultants will able to see the patients information and the list of appointments that have been allocated to them. The will be also able to see the wards in which they are assigned duties and will also be able to prescribe medicines to their patients. Patients: Patients will be able to see the appointments they have in the hospital and will be able to see the medicines that have been prescribed to them from the system. Operating Environment The system will be a web based system and can be accessed within and outside the hospital through a link over hospitals website. The users will login the system using a username and password that will be provided to them by the system administrator and the system will be independent of the operating system. Assumptions and Dependencies The system assumes that the information being added to the system is correct and authenticated. It is also assumed that the username and password will be kept secret and will not be shared with anyone. The users will be themselves responsible for losing passwords. This system doesnt include a mailing feature and hence the user should not lose their passwords in any case. The passwords will have to be reset by the database administrator only. System Flow A data flow diagram as its name suggests represents the flow of data in any system. There is a huge flow of data and information in any information system. This flow is analyzed with the help of data flow diagrams. Data flow diagrams can be used for visualization of data processing. On a DFD, data items flow from an external data source or an internal data store to an internal data store or an external data sink via an internal process (Calmet Pfalzgraf 1996). A data flow diagram is composed of several components: Entities: Entities are the sources of information in any system. These entities are the external sources of information in any system. It is very important to mention all the entities in a system. This ensures the proper flow of information in a system. These also act as external sinks for the system (Dennis, Wixom Roth 2006). Database or data store: A database stores the information in any system. These act as internal data sources for a system. It stores the information from one process and provides information to other processes. It also acts as internal sinks in the system. Processes: A process is a function performed by the system. Each process helps to access the information from database or an entity and provide the information back to the entity or database (Dennis, Wixom Roth 2006). The DFDs are represented in several levels. With increase in each level the details in the diagram also increased. Level-0 would contain minimum details, while level 1 would contain more details than level 0 and so on. This section explains flow of the system, how the system operates and its functionalities with the help of data flow diagrams. The level of details increases with each diagram. The system at the highest level is nothing but a hospital management system; the inner details are not specified in the data flow diagram level-0 (Johns 2002). Here is the zero level data flow diagram (DFD level: 0) The above diagram shows the four entities that will be involved in the system- patients, doctors, hospital staff and nurses. These are the four main sources of information in the system. As the system is broken down into several modules, these entities match up their desired roles (Johns 2002). This breakdown gives us the exact information about the operations performed by the system and the entities involved in each operation. (DFD level:1) In the DFD level -1, the system is divided into three major domains namely patient management system, stock management system and staff management system. Patient management system is related to patients that includes two types of patients- inpatients and outpatients. Inpatients are those, which get admitted in the hospital and stay there while the outpatients take appointments and visit the hospital at given date and time (Johns 2002). The second major section of the system is stock management system. In this, the requirements of the hospital are analyzed and accomplished such as clinical and non clinical requirements like drugs, bandages and other requirements. This part also maintains the division of these items among various wards and among various departments of the hospital. The third section of the system is about the staff allocation system that ensures that all staff is being assigned proper duties and each wards getting proper number of employees and nurses for its daily operations and also for emergency situations. It also ensures that the consultants are visiting the wards on time and each patient is getting proper attention. External Interface Requirements User Interfaces The user interface is simply a web interface, which is presented to the user through a web browser. This allows user to enter data and select from various drop down menus. These drop down menus show the content read from the database. By simply clicking to submit buttons, user can save data into database. The user interfaces will also implement checks for null values being entered into database (Galitz 2009). It displays the format for date values to be entered, but doesnt validate them. If there is any error in entering any values to the database, the system generates the error message and asks the user to retry. This helps the user to be ensured that the values have been entered and hence a consistency in the system is maintained (Galitz 2009). Hardware Interfaces As the system is a web based system, the website will be hosted on a central server machine with other machines getting access to it through the network. The other machines could be simple computers or especially dedicated machines that provide access only to the content. For our current implementation, we will rely on general desktop systems. Communications Interfaces The system uses HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) for sending and receiving data over the internet (Groth, Skandier, Lammle Tedder 2005). When the system is used within the hospital, it is presented on same network hence its generally faster as the server is also located within the hospital, but outside the hospital the system is accessible via internet and hence a domain is needed to be registered with the DNS servers hosted at the ISP. Data Model This section explains the data model used for the system. The section begins with recognizing all the entities to be used in the system and their relationships and then converting those entities and relations to tables. These tables will be normalized to 3NF form. This section captures the cardinality and referential integrity rules needed to ensure that the data is of good quality for the users. The main aim of data models is to support the development of information systems by providing the definition and format of data. Entity-relationship model The E-R (entity-relationship) data model views the real world as a set of basic objects (entities) and relationships among these objects (Bai 2010). It is intended primarily for the DB design process by allowing the specification of an enterprise scheme. If the information system, being designed, is based on a database then the conceptual data model will later be mapped on to a logical data model, which in turn will be mapped on to a physical model during the physical design process (Bai 2010). The E-R diagram shows all objects involved in the system as entities and the function among them as relationships. Here is a description of entities used in our system:- Entity: An entity is nothing but an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. Entities could be concrete such as a person or it could be an abstract entity that is nothing but a concept (Stallings 2008). An entity could also be considered as a source of information for the system. There are following entities in well meadows:- Doctor or consultant (concrete) Change nurse (concrete) Patients (concrete) Wards (abstract) Drugs (concrete) Administrator (concrete) Staff (concrete) Qualification (abstract) Inpatient (concrete) Outpatient (concrete) Attributes: Attributes are unique qualities that can be possessed by both relationships and entities. Attributes are represented by ovals that are connected to the entity sets that possess them by a line. With the exception of weak entities, all entities have to a minimum amount of attributes. These make up the primary key of the entity (Stallings 2008). Following are the attributes of the various entities described above:- Doctor: id, name, address, telephone, duty shift, date of birth Change nurse: id, name, address, telephone, date of birth, ward allocated. Patients: id, name, address, telephone, date of birth Ward : ward_num, ward_name, location, in charge nurse, number of beds Drugs: id, name, type, dosage, methodology, price, stock Administrator:- username, password, name, address, telephone, date of birth Staff: id, name, address, telephone, date of birth, ward allocated. Qualification:- institution name, qualification name Inpatient:- id, name, address, telephone, date of birth, date of admit, expected stay, expected date of leaving, actual date of leaving Outpatient: id, name, address, telephone, date of birth, date of appointment, consultant name, location, time of appointment. Here is an entity relationship diagram for the given system:- (Entity Relationship Digram) The patients are categorized into inpatients and outpatients as explained above while the staff has two categories doctors and nurses. The remaining staff is covered under staff itself. Wards are there in the hospital that is controlled by the nurses while drugs are referred by the doctors and they are taken by the patients. Both the inpatients and outpatients are treated by the doctors, while inpatients have a separate relationship with wards that they are admitted to it. Database design and normalization Normalization can be defined as the process in which data is taken from problem and reduced to a set of relations through data integrity and elimination of data redundancy (Gunderloy Jorden 2008). Data integrity: The data in the database is consistent and satisfies the all integrity constraints. Data redundancy Data redundancy incurs if it is found in two different locations (direct redundancy). At the same time the calculation of data from other items (indirect redundancy) also creates redundancy (Oppel 2004). First normalized form: The multi valued attributes are removed that facilitate a single value at the intersection of each row and column in a table. Second Normal form: In second normal form, all the non key attributes must be dependent on complete primary key and not on a single part of primary key. Third normal form: In a third normal form, all the non keys are determined only by the primary keys (Oppel 2004). Boyce-Codd normal form: The anomalies have been removed that resulted from the functional dependancies (Gunderloy Jorden 2008). The normalized schemas of the tables used in our database are given below:- Drug drug_ID drug_name description dosage method Stock Reorder cost Patient patient_id First Name Last name Address telephone Date of birth Sex Marital status Date of registration Staff Staff_id First Name Last name Address telephone position Inpatient id Patient_id Ward number Bed number Date placed Expected Stay Expected Date of leaving Actual date of leaving Ward Ward number Name location extension Charge nurse id(staff.staff id) Outpatient id patient id Consultant id Date Time location Qualification id Staff_id Type Institution Completion date Weekly allocation Ward number Staff id shift date Prescription Patient_id drug_id Start Date Units per day End date Database implementation The database defined above needs to be implemented over a database system. We use a relational database management system as our designs are based on relational model. Considering the requirements of hospital that are not very large, we can use an open source, free of cost database management system named as MySQL. MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It works on most of the available operating systems and is generally the most popular choice for implementing small database applications. It also has a plug-in named as phpmyadmin that provides a GUI access to the database (Lambrix 2010). Here are the implementations of SQLs for the database:- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump version 3.2.4 http://www.phpmyadmin.net Host: localhost Generation Time: Dec 12, 2010 at 08:58 AM Server version: 5.1.41 PHP Version: 5.3.1 SET SQL_MODE=NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO; /*!40101 SET @[emailprotected]@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @[emailprotected]@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @[emailprotected]@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; Database: `hospital` Table structure for table `drug` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `drug` ( `drug_num` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `description` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `dosage` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `method` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `stock` int(11) NOT NULL, `reorder` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `cost` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`drug_num`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; Dumping data for table `drug` Table structure for table `inpatient` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `inpatient` ( `inpatient_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `patient_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `expected_stay` int(11) NOT NULL, `date_placed` date NOT NULL, `date_leave` date DEFAULT NULL, `actual_leave` date DEFAULT NULL, `ward_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `bed_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `spouse_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`inpatient_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; Dumping data for table `inpatient` INSERT INTO `inpatient` (`inpatient_id`, `patient_id`, `expected_stay`, `date_placed`, `date_leave`, `actual_leave`, `ward_num`, `bed_num`, `spouse_id`) VALUES (1, 1, 5, 2010-08-12, 0000-00-00, 0000-00-00, 1, 45, 0); Table structure for table `outpatient` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `outpatient` ( `appointment_num` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `consultant_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `patient_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `date` date NOT NULL, `time` time NOT NULL, `location` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`appointment_num`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; Dumping data for table `outpatient` Table structure for table `patient` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `patient` ( `patient_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `firstname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `lastname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(500) NOT NULL, `tel` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `dob` date NOT NULL, `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `mar_status` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `reg_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`patient_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ; Dumping data for table `patient` INSERT INTO `patient` (`patient_id`, `firstname`, `lastname`, `address`, `tel`, `dob`, `sex`, `mar_status`, `reg_date`) VALUES (1, yash, yash, yash, 7799, 0000-00-00, Male, UnMarried, 2010-12-08 00:03:10); Table structure for table `prescription` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `prescription` ( `prescription_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `patent_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `drug_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `units per day` int(11) NOT NULL, `startdate` date NOT NULL, `enddate` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`prescription_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; Dumping data for table `prescription` Table structure for table `qualification` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `qualification` ( `q_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `staff_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `type` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `institution` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `date` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`q_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; Dumping data for table `qualification` Table structure for table `requets` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `requets` ( `request_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `ward_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `drug_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `quantity` int(11) NOT NULL, `date` date NOT NULL, `processed` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, `process_date` date DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`request_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; Dumping data for table `requets` Table structure for table `staff` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `staff` ( `staff_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `firstname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `lastname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(500) NOT NULL, `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `dob` date NOT NULL, `tel` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `position` varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`staff_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=4 ; Dumping data for table `staff` INSERT INTO `staff` (`staff_id`, `firstname`, `lastname`, `address`, `sex`, `dob`, `tel`, `position`) VALUES (1, abcd, pqrs, asasd, Male, 0000-00-00, 123123, Charge Nurse); Table structure for table `staffhier` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `staffhier` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `description` varchar(100) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Dumping data for table `staffhier` INSERT INTO `staffhier` (`id`, `description`) VALUES (1, consultant), (2, Charge Nurse), (3, physiotherapist), (4, nurse); Table structure for table `tblusers` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `tblusers` ( `username` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `wrong_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY (`username`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Dumping data for table `tblusers` INSERT INTO `tblusers` (`username`, `password`, `name`, `wrong_count`) VALUES (admin, 123456, administrator, 1); Table structure for table `ward` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ward` ( `ward_num` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `ward_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `location` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `ext` int(11) NOT NULL, `num_beds` int(11) NOT NULL, `nurse_id` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ward_num`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; Dumping data for table `ward` INSERT INTO `ward` (`ward_num`, `ward_name`, `location`, `ext`, `num_beds`, `nurse_id`) VALUES (1, ank, asasd, 6666, 3, 1); Table structure for table `weeklyallocation` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `weeklyallocation` ( `allocation_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `staff_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `ward_num` int(11) NOT NULL, `shift` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `startdate` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`allocation_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=4 ; Dumping data for table `weeklyallocation` INSERT INTO `weeklyallocation` (`allocation_id`, `staff_id`, `ward_num`, `shift`, `startdate`) VALUES (1, 1, 1, EARLY, 2010-12-07 18:52:40), (2, 1, 1, NIGHT, 2010-12-07 23:33:40), (3, 0, 1, , 2010-12-08 00:05:25); /*!40101 SET [emailprotected]_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET [emailprotected]_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET [emailprotected]_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; This script will create the database and will make few entries in the tables as well. The username and passwords are stored in a table named as tblUsers. The admin password is also stored in the same table. This is the dump of the database exported by using phpmyadmin. Same script can be executed using the tool or also can be imported using the import option in phpmyadmin (Lambrix 2010). This will setup the database and the application can now be configured. System implementation The software package we choose for this system is XAMPP. Xampp is a software package that is used for hosting websites and the combination of four software packages namely php, apache, mysql and phpmyadmin. Xampp is a simple program that can be run on any machine; it does not require any specific hardware. Xampp is free software and it is available for various operating systems such as Linux, Windows, Mac OS, and Solaris etc. The programs sets up a mysql server on the system as well as an apache web server on the machine. The package also configures php for the machine and also provides phpmyadmin for managing the mysql database (Newman Thomas 2008). Xampp provides a root directory named as htdocs that works for the web server. Xampp is the easiest way to host a website. Xampp is very easy to install and uninstall as compared to the separate installation and configuration of the services it provides. Xampp also includes support for filezilla, mercury etc. Developers Xampp is open source software developed by www.apachefriends.com. Apache friends were founded in 2002 by Oswald and Kay. Oswald is their webmaster, while Kay is the maintainer of apache for windows. Apache friends have Xampp as their only project (Newman Thomas 2008). There are no new projects till date. The software package is available through Sourceforge that hosted the download files on their website www.sourceforge.net and made this whole project possible. Benefits Xampp has several benefits that make web hosting easy. These are as below: It is available in many languages such as English, Dutch, Italian, French, Portuguese and Chinese etc. It makes database management very easy with support of phpmydmin. The sup

Counseling Theoretical Model Essay -- Psychology, Christian Counseling

There are many theoretical models of counseling. Often, a diverse approach or the use of several approaches is best for the resolution of problems. I utilize several different theories and strategies in my role as a counselor. However, it is the Individual personal theory and the Family theory model that anchors my orientation to counseling as a Christian counselor. Individual personal theory of counseling is very important for the successes of any therapeutic process that affects how I council. Personal perspective, how the world works, belief system, the way things interact, and how they actually are form the basis of working of all individuals in life. In order to have the best decision with respect to any therapeutic process, I have to understand deeply the personal theory of individual. This is believed to enhance the interaction of the client with a counselor and gives an integrated approach by me as a counselor. This understanding is also crucial to effective intervention with individuals who have different values compared to me as a counselor. Understanding the individual theory of the world also helps me as a counselor in the identification of weaknesses and strengths and areas of improvement. As a counselor, my personal orientations on the other hand are the influences like values, interests, compassion, and self-awareness among others , which influence the personal theory of counseling, discussed above. These personal orientations correspond with other approaches to therapy while others do not hence the understanding is important. Family systems theory bases its argument on the concepts that in order to understand the family effectively and efficiently, the whole family has to be assessed. The signs that are expres... ...The Individual personal Theory and the Family Theory Model is a very important procedure that must be taken seriously in order to ensure that it is successful. Individual personal theory of counseling together with the orientation of the therapist has a greater influence on the family therapy. This may be negative for example if the orientation of the therapist contravenes the values of the client as is evidenced by the Christian values discussed above. It is also important for the therapist to be aware of the needs and the uniqueness of the circumstances of the clients such as in domestic violence. However, an efficient strategy is capable of ensuring that these forces do not affect the process. Lastly, the environment and the diversity of the population that one is working with play an important role in family systems therapy and should be considered critically.

Penn Foster College Essay

We are in diverse world, a world of differences and unique situations. For example, it is the mandate of the Law that children should study and that it should be financed by our parents, for most, in their primary and secondary, and for those born with golden spoons on their mouths, up until their college days or Ph. D. We have different priorities and our human values are made up of the inward and outward factors of the societies we were brought up. We also have different needs, from small things like ice cream, electronic gadgets, to houses and cars. According to the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a person has deficiency needs and growth needs. Before he advances to the next level of need, he should have met the previous need. That’s what is happening to us. The people around us such as our parents, relatives, and friends nurtured us. Once the fourth level of need was accomplished (achievement, recognition, or approval), we now aspire for growth. The common growth that can lead us in higher positions in society, with huge paychecks, and luxurious lives, is the growth in education. We could have not known that this growth is priceless until we have engaged in jobs or in the professional world. However, once a person is in the marketplace, he has been wrapped up with some daily concerns, from her work, and, once he gets at home, from the concerns of his family. And though there’s an opportunity of a higher education, it has been covered up with the loads that we have from the concerns above. Like most of us, I also have dreams for the future and my goals are going to be a lot difficult to reach if I have not planned it critically. I made use of the Step Decision Model as my guide. I am fond of teaching kids, yet I didn’t have enough money to pay for the tuition in a university. That is my problem. In addition, my mom is already old and I only earn through peer and personal tutorials. I have the option to stop realizing that education is an infinite learning. Yet, I insist to make a decision. I weighed down my options. The little money I earn can be used to pay my tuition fee and travel expenses or it can help me buy the needs of my family. Finally, I enrolled in a kind of college that I have recently found out to be enjoyable, educational, and very convenient—distance learning. This is an alternative from the kind of education that we get from the four corners of the classroom. Distance learning offers lots of conveniences for me—it makes me save up my money and makes me much available to aide my mother. However, before, I had difficulty in focusing to my subjects due to conflicting schedules. There were times that I prioritized the tutees that I had because it was their exam week and they needed greater time of assistance. There were also instances that I had family gatherings and reunions that I almost forgot to accomplish a certain project. It’s my decision to study so I should be responsible and make the best out of it. If I really want to earn a degree, I should be serious about it even to the littlest things. Conflicting schedules should not interfere with my studies. I now make sure that every time I study, I have a conditioned mind. Also, at first, I thought that I can’t have a quality education unlike those students in the usual college setting, but I was proven wrong. In distance learning the professors consistently interact with their students. And as a learner, I enjoy the benefits of having my mentor’s attention even if he or she is very distant. With that, I have developed the confidence to communicate with people even of higher ranks and they have properly guided me. As part of the human dimension, a balanced life needs a clear or if not a detailed set of priorities. Learning is fun but we should understand that distance learning is not different from any other learning. We should be serious with it. We should be eager to learn and to focus. Proper time management and the passion to pursue our dreams make will make us enjoy our studies while performing other responsibilities to our loved ones and to our works. References: Penn Foster College. Penn Foster Collger Student Testimonials http://www. pennfoster. edu/student_testimonials. html Huitt, W. (2004). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date] from, http://chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow. html

LinkedIn

The evolution of social media has led to a dramatic change in the way people communicate professionally. In 2002, a professional networking corporation launched a business and employment website that has replaced the way individuals apply for jobs. The website named â€Å"LinkedIn† has made it easier for employers to find their employees. According to the Economist, â€Å"it is an online contact book† where one no longer finds the need to walk into a workplace with their resumes in hand when they can search for jobs from the comfort of their own homes. â€Å"LinkedIn connects individuals seeking or starting work, or simply wanting more from their careers†. Those seeking employment simply create a LinkedIn profile, listing valid information about themselves such as skills, qualifications, job history etc. This results in an online resume that can be viewed by other professionals and allows them to get in contact with you. According to one of its founders Allen Blue, it is a â€Å"network of people†; traditionally, employees seek employers. However, LinkedIn gives the employer the option to find the employee they are looking to recruit, making LinkedIn an online social network where employers and employees are able to connect with one another. In addition, LinkedIn has made it easier for companies to recruit persons with the required skills or assets by enabling the option to â€Å"actively search for Candidates around LinkedIn members by using keywords.† This means that employers can simply input the traits of interest and LinkedIn will provide a list of potential candidates that meet the employer's requirements. LinkedIn has created a massive change in the market for their labour-how they find jobs and how employers find them.While developments in social media have made it easier for individuals to find employment or recruit employees, it has also made it easier for employers to check up on the applicant that is about to undergo the hiring process. According to an article â€Å"56% of employers check applicants Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter etc.† While this process may be invasive to some, it allows the employer to make a good judgement before hiring someone who may not be the best fit for the job. An individual's behaviour may contradict the mission or purpose of the organization. For example, if the owner of a rehab centre is looking to recruit new employees, a person who posts content of alcoholic beverages in multiple pictures of their Facebook profile is not someone that would fit the job position or title accurately. Though the individual may meet the employer's requirements and expectations, they have failed to make an appropriate judgment on the types of content they release to the public eye. When employers check an individual's social media networks, it is not for the purpose of invading one's privacy, but to prevent them from making a decision they may regret in the future.In addition to posts on social media, employers impose limits on employees towards what they can and cannot post out into the public. This relates to socially unacceptable behaviour that can lead to affirmative action taken against the individual for not abiding with the company's rules, leading to termination. An aggressive comment towards another individual or group that may indicate violence or considered offensive would be in contradiction with the company's terms or regulations. The employee would then receive disciplinary action due to negative impact imposed on the company. Furthermore, socially unacceptable behaviour on social media includes political or religious views or stereotypes. For example, topics that your parents don't allow you to discuss at the dinner table, your employer does not want it discussed on social media. Certain words can get a lot of recognition on social media especially if used in an incorrect manner.(hatecrimes) This can cause disorder and damage relationships in the work place as well as the general public.

Summer Word List for Writing Prompts or Worksheets

Summer Word List for Writing Prompts or Worksheets Children can forget a lot over the long summer vacation, which can last up to three months. To keep their skills fresh, help them retain what they have learned, and get them ready for the next school year, give them over-the-summer assignments containing summer-related words. Matching vocabulary to the fun summer vacation activities and topics will heighten student interest. Use this summer word list to create many summer activities such as worksheets, writing prompts, word walls, word searches, journal writing, and mini lists for students to memorize, either as sight words or using flashcards. The words are grouped in sections by alphabetical order to make it easier to find just the vocabulary you are seeking. Air Conditioning to Cooler Summer months tend to be hot, so terms like air conditioning and cooler are sure to be on students minds. But, there are also fun words associated with the season, such as amusement parks, baseball, beach, and berries- which are all prevalent during the summer.   Use these terms to create a  summer word search or crossword puzzle. The linked example printables can give you ideas and help get you started, or use the free worksheets, which contain some of the words on this list as well as other summer-related terms. Air ConditioningAmusement ParkApplesAugustBackpackBallBaseballBeachBerriesBucketCampingCarnivalCooler Daisy to Grasshoppers Kids love plants and insects, so tie these words in to  free science printables, which cover those topics as well as oceanography-related terms. Or use patriotic words, such as Fourth of July and flag, as writing prompts. Instruct students to write a short paragraph or essay (depending on their ages and ability levels) on what they plan to do on the Fourth of July or what the American flag represents and why they think its important. Alternatively, have students maintain a small garden (with their parents help) and keep a daily or weekly journal about their experiences. Who knows? They may even see a grasshopper or two along the way. DaisyDivingFamilyFarmFerris wheelFlagFlowersFourth of JulyFriendsFrisbeeGamesGardenGatheringsGrassGrasshoppers Hat to Shovel Use any or all of the words in this section to create a word wall. Type or print the words in big, bold letters on sheets of construction paper, and hang the words at various locations throughout the class, or create a bulletin board dedicated to these terms. Have each student draw a picture related to an assigned word, or have each of your older students write a paragraph about an assigned word or two. HatHikingHolidayHotHumidIce CreamJoyJulyJuly FourthJuneLightningOceanOutdoorsOutsideParkPicnicPlayingPopsicleRelaxRoseSandalsSandcastleSeaSeashoreSeasonShortsShovel Sidewalk Chalk to Zoo Buy some sidewalk chalk; then have students go outside and draw a picture of one of the assigned words or a scene featuring several words. (Make sure you get the principals permission first.) You can have students do this individually or in groups. Then, take pictures using smartphones, go back inside (or find a nice shady spot), and discuss the scenes or images students have drawn. Send the list of words in this section home with students and ask them to write a short paragraph over the summer using some of the words, based on the activities they participated in during the season. Students are sure to come back in the fall, excited to share their stories, which include their summer words. Sidewalk ChalkSnorkelSportsStarsStrawberriesSummerSunSunburnSundressSunflowerSunglassesSunhatSunnySunscreenSwimSwim TrunksSwimsuitTanThunderThunderstormTravelTripTubeVacationVisitWater ParkWater skiWatermelonWavesZoo

Insecurities among teenagers Essays

Insecurities among teenagers Essays Insecurities among teenagers Paper Insecurities among teenagers Paper It is inevitable that people deal with insecurities differently. Some people may have a positive look on it while others may have a negative view on it. Schlemiel points out in his book, Teen Suicide (2011), that the dealing of insecurities leads to ones make or break. Schlemiel stresses that teenagers should NOT try to handle situations on their own, but rather talk about the problems theyre facing and making the most out of it. Doing the complete opposite, the negative approach to insecurities, has led to physical combat, severe depression, self- harm, and a lot more sad outcomes. Schlemiel discussed that insecurities do not only break but they do make with proper dealing. According to Iowa State University, there are a lot of problems each teenager faces regarding insecurities. Hormonal changes or puberty can trigger insecurity. The same hormones that trigger physical changes during puberty also set off a series of emotional changes. Teenagers emotions are more that not constant, theyre completely unstable; from being in a euphoric state of happiness to extreme mourning of sadness happen all in a snap. These emotional changes might also include shyness or insecurity. Another global problem is being insecure of ones body image. As a teenager, ones body is growing and changing because of puberty. Hair grows practically everywhere, and in this generation, body image is very important. It is important to have a fit body in order to be accepted by the society. Bullying is another very common scenario for teenagers stresses Sands Stretch in her article Facts About Insecurity in Teens (2014). If one is already shy and insecure, and is being bullied, it makes them feel much worse about who they are, what they do, and what they stand for. Facing insecurities is already hard for a person and it being pointed out by other people makes a person feel even worse. Jessica Sanchez, American Idol contestant year 201 2, said that in the Philippines, a common insecurity of Filipinos is their skin color, especially for women. Most of the Filipinos say that having whiter skin is more beautiful. Even in social media, Filipinos want lighter or whiter skin tone; even having fused with foreign bloodline is better. Also, Filipinos nose structure is insecurity. They dont like how their noses look like. Locally, Databases are insecure because of stereotypes. Databases are Ewing stereotyped as people who still live in a mountain-like environment. People who havent been to Dave think that Dave City is still undeveloped. They think that Dave is similar to a mountain province where there are no roads, malls, and technology is scarce. Just because Dave City is in Mindanao where mountains surround it, they mark Databases as primitive and uncivilized. The researchers conducted this study to know more about insecurities and how it affects a teenagers life, to know if there are bridges to the gaps between a teenagers insecurities and their contentment, and to know if this an help lessen a teenagers insecurity. Statement of the Problem The study sights the connection or relationship Of peoples experiences regarding insecurities and its causes and solutions. In short, is there way of answering, guiding, or helping people in times of insecurity outbursts? These are the following questions that partake on the problem: 1 . Why are people prone to insecurities, especially teenagers? 1. 1 Differences 1. 2 Social Acceptance 1. 3 Perfection 2. How can these insecurities amongst society be lessened or eradicated? 2. 1 Guidance and Counseling 2. 2 Comfort and Affirmation 3. What lessons does one gain when overcoming insecurities? 3. 1 Faith in oneself 3. 2 Contentment PART 2: Review Of Related Literature There are thousands of diverse cultures that compose the world. Different races, beliefs, characters and personalities walk on the same ground, breathe the same air, and yet live very distant lives. Each individual possesses distinct characteristics. Venezuelan have their exotic tan skin, Koreans have their innovative attitude, and the world has a lot more of magnificent designs. The problem all boils down to the fact of distribution. Differences are more than inevitable. They are and always will be present. Teenagers, generally everyone, handle these differences differently. Others may take this positively while some take it negatively. Those who take it negatively are the ones who experience having doubts of themselves, mainly causing insecurities. They do not look at these differences as something unique and something that they could be proud of, but rather a lapse in humanity. Ashley Fern (2013) stated that there are two kinds of people: the happy and the unhappy. There are people who are so insecure about everything that they lack self-confidence and become introverts and stray from immunization with others. And there are people who are happy and confident. But every individual is unique. Some people are fat, while others are thin. Some people are fabulous, while others are simple. Some people are creative, while others are dull. Everyone is different from head to toe, and from mind to soul. These differences could lead to different insecurities. People are just not contented with what they have. Everyone has different personal abilities, which can make one insecure about his own ability. Another reason for insecurities is social acceptance. Teenagers are all about he hip, the new, and the in. They want to be accepted by the society so they follow the trends. They seek and long for something that they do not have. Whatever the means may be, they force themselves to the impossible because when that impossible is not reached they feel that they are not worthy. When they feel this certain feeling, they lose every ounce of confidence they have. They are insecure of themselves. The creator of Internal Acceptance Movement (I. A. M. ), Daniel (2013), brings to us her life story of acceptance, and her undertaking. According to her, insecurities can also be related to social acceptance. What if they Will laugh at me? What if they dont like me? What if people will hate me? These questions are often from those who are experiencing social anxiety. They feel insecure whenever they are with other people. They have this feeling that they are not accepted by the society, maybe because of what they wear, what they like or how they move. They are afraid of being judged by other people. Lastly is perfection. According to Paulo Cello (201 3), world-renowned writer, we usually strive toward being perfect to compensate for a sense of inadequacy. Cello also stresses that perfection disguises insecurity. It becomes a statement wherein people say that they are not good enough, so they need to be this and that. Teenagers desire to reach perfection because to them, it is to reach the standards of the world. This has corrupted the self- esteem and well being of the people, especially teenagers. Those who seek perfection are said to be more sensitive about the judgments of others. One of the most common things to do when facing insecurity is reading a book, getting counseling, or simply telling a friend. Counseling is one of the cost remarkable methods when dealing with insecurities in the world, and dealing with insecurities is just one of its purposes. Reading books on the topic has also been the way of getting through emotions and problems. Browsing through verses, chapters, and books, one could see the marvel of life. Respective are given new pavements and minds broadened to the positive outcome of insecurities Guidance and counseling. There are a lot of people, especially teenagers that need help on the roads they are taking. Sherry Morgan wrote in her article, How to Overcome Emotional Insecurity (2015), that it is important to seek unseeing when one is feeling his or her emotional insecurities are due to other issues, such as an obstacle that may have affected ones outlook in life. Sometimes a person is unable to cope with certain events, such as death. Attending regular sessions with a counselor is also helpful in overcoming ones insecurities. Counselors help their patients to overcome insecurities through the useful advises they give. Guidance and counseling doesnt really mean that one needs to see a psychiatrist or a counselor. One can just ask his or her parents, friends, or relatives for some advices on overcoming insecurities. One doesnt need to spend money in seeking advice as Morgan tries to remind. Advices dont necessarily just come from experts. Also, it is very helpful for guidance from other people in order to lessen ones insecurities. He or she doesnt need to experience some insecurity once there is someone guiding him or her. Teenagers usually get lost or confused in the paths they should choose to follow. They usually follow whats trending, and what other teenagers do. Sometimes, they just need people to guide them and to remind them of the qualities they have; they just need other people to counsel them or even imply listen to the things they have to say. Also, there are times when teenagers just want to let it all out. This means that they just want to tell or share their feelings and insecurities to other people. For some, they may need to hear some advice, but there are also some people who just want to say it out loud with out needing to get an advice. Comfort and affirmation. Teenagers often forget what their capabilities and characteristics that make them unique from other teenagers are, which lead to being insecure. Teenagers are just insecure because they dont have confidence and faith in themselves. They dont have the confidence to face their insecurities and discover new things for themselves. They just want to go for what is safe or what is being accepted by society. Sharon Martin (2014) shares that being comforted and being affirmed is really helpful for teens who are facing a series of insecurities. It has a big impact, and it helps build ones confidence when someone affirms the one experiencing insecurities. Affirmation of ones capabilities is very helpful in building confidence because it reminds them of even the tinniest things they should be proud Of. Sometimes, for other teenagers, they find comfort from rods of affirmation, a love language, and from other people. Teenagers just need to hear or be reminded of what the best things in them are. They need to hear it from other people than them seeing it in themselves. Also, parents comfort and love for their children play a big role in lessening their insecurities. Sometimes children, in this case, teens want to make their parents proud. Children also want that their parents to always be present in sharing the trials and the victories. To them, there is comfort in support. Comfort from parents is still very different from the comfort they receive from other people. After such counseling, one cannot help but learn new things for the brighter beginning. Overcoming insecurities is not a one-time thing. They come and go whenever you they want to, or whenever you let them. But once youve been there, the lessons are to be remembered. People build up faith in themselves, and they are contented of what they have. One could finally say goodbye to those insecurities. Faith in oneself. As Melissa Nag uttered in her article, How to Believe In Your Self in the Face of Overwhelming Self-Doubt (2014), teens tend to lose faith in themselves when dealing with insecurity. Having doubts in oneself dominates very little thing in the mind and sets a standard that lessens the opportunity in achieving the goal at its best. It degrades the self-confidence that is trying to put them up yet beats them down due to the critical thinking that runs different expressions of pin ions that they might expect from others. This problem is not necessary in life. Self-doubt can never be taken away in ones life. It is like a ghost that haunts you every now and then. When it strikes people, it consumes the confidence, hinders reasoning and logic from the head, and purloins happiness from the heart, thus, leaving dread and insecurity in peoples intellects. People try to be optimistic in handling self- doubt but it does not work because this eventually chases you more. Since Melissa was a child, drawing has been her best friend. For her, drawing is a part of her life that will always be in her heart. There was this time in her childhood when she decided that she wanted to be an artist someday but sadly many commentators brought her down and quickly judged her. They said that she could not have a dream that was not practical and realistic. They said that being an artist is just some kind of hobby and one cannot make a vying out of it. As a child, she thought that adults were always right so she took that negative message and internalized it. For years, she had that self-doubt kept in her mind that she cannot do it. She was afraid that people might not accept nor like her art. She was afraid Of being rejected as an artist and was starting to question her knowledge and abilities. The little problem that runs on her mind is like venom of fear and self-doubt that ran all over her. But then, she realized that trying to beat insecurity or self-doubt would still not gain her much confidence. Insecurity Anton be beat. Instead of saying, What If I fail? she responded by saying, Then Ill try again. Working on this condition will transform negative thoughts in to an opportunity for growth. In this way, people will give themselves a chance to be renewed and have faith in them. Next is contentment. Contentment is a state of happiness that does not concern the missing material things, but the concrete ones that one has and can be proud of. Contentment. Children started their journey in life with happiness and they were practically problem-free. Being children, they can do silly things without eating embarrassed. By the time they become teenagers, their mind will be more matured and they cannot do those silly things anymore because of peers and embarrassing situations. Their minds will change the aspect on how they Cope with their surroundings. Teenagers judge their fellow teens quickly. They are not hesitant to doubt and criticize others. Some teenagers think that their lives are miserable for the uncertain faults and lack of discipline that theyve encountered. They think that their lives are dejected. Leo Beauty (2013) said that the problem is not with the society, but it is thin. Teenagers most probably do not trust themselves. If they do not trust themselves, they obviously do not like their character. Also, they judged themselves badly. They tend to compare themselves to others. Teenagers are not contented with what they have. Contentment is a must when it comes to being happy. It is a way of changing views from whys to why not. It is making a move for themselves, a move of choosing happiness and taking to account what they have and being happy, than to be unhappy with who they are and what they dont have. In the end, its all by choice. Make it, or break it. PART 3: Significance of the Study The study will be a big help in building self-esteem Of others. By understanding the emotional and social needs of people, there is encouragement of a better insecure-free society, and productive individuals are formed. It will guide insecure people to healthier and brighter futures. This study will also serve as a guide material for counselors and parents in dealing with such cases. Teenagers Teens are in the stage of which there are severe changes physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. Insecurities take a big part of this time In life. This study would strengthen their self-esteem and would have positive outlooks on life, rather than sulking on what is and what is not. Parents Parents play a vital role in their childs life. Proper dealing with different problems molds the childs views and character. This study would allow parents to have an insight when dealing with scenarios involving insecurities. Counselors Counselors are secondary parents. They would be able to express more on the topic with this study.

John Kasich Bio - 2016 Presidential Candidate

John Kasich Bio - 2016 Presidential Candidate John Kasich is a career politician who served as a state legislator, member of the U.S. House of Representatives and governor of Ohio. He is seeking the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 election and, though considered an underdog to both Ted Cruz and Donald Trump, is one of the three remaining candidates in the primary race.   Related Story: What is Election Day? Kasich sought the presidency once before, in the 2000 election, and referred to himself as the Jolt Cola - a highly caffeinated soft drink  -   of that years field of Republican candidates because of his high-energy style and penchant for wearing sneakers to work. But he later withdrew from the primary race. Political Career   Kasichs political career includes positions in both state and federal government. Heres a timeline: 1975 to 1977: Served as administrative assistant in the Ohio state Senate. 1979 to 1983: Elected to the Ohio state legislature at age 26 and served one four-year term in the state Senate. 1983 to 2001: Election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982 and served nine two-year terms. During his tenure in the House and served as chairman of the Committee on the Budget. Kasich retired from the House to reinvent himself. You got to know when to hold em, you got to know when to fold em, and you got to know when to renew yourself, he said at the time. 1999: Briefly sought the Republican nomination for president before dropping out and endorsing eventual nominee and 2000 election winner George W. Bush. The problem was last time that I had this jet airplane ready to take off but I didnt have any gas for it. It never got into the air, Kasich later told CNN. 2011 to present: Governor of Ohio, serving his second four-year term. July 2015 to present: Seeking the Republican nomination for president in 2016. Professional Career Kasich worked in private finance after leaving Congress in January 2001. He worked as a  managing director in the Investment Banking Division of Lehman Brothers. He was appeared as a political commentator on FOX News. Kasich is the author of three books: Courage is Contagious; Stand for Something: The Battle for America’s Soul; and Every Other Monday. Related Story: 5 Presidents Who Wrote Books Before Being Elected Campaign for President in 2016 Kasich, though a career politician, sought to appeal to voters who prefer outsiders. He has repeatedly claimed Washington knows little about solving the countrys problems. I think we ought to run the country from the bottom up rather than the top down, he says. He began his campaign for president as an extreme long shot in a field of 16 candidates, including former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, who at one time was considered the front-runner for the nomination. But most of the candidates ran out of money, enthusiasm or patience with voters who propelled Trump toward the nomination amid an anti-establishment fervor in the primaries. By March 2016, it was a three-man race, and Kasich was portraying himself as the common-sense, or more moderate, conservative to Cruz, who suggested impeaching Democratic President Barack Obama would be legitimate, and Trump, whose political philosophies perplexed many in both major parties. Kasich was also seen as having the most experience of any of the candidates, given his work in the statehouse and in Congress. Democrats, however, point out that Kasich is solidly opposed to abortion rights. States his campaign: During his 18 years in Congress, John Kasich consistently opposed federal funding of abortion and voted to ban partial-birth abortions. As Governor of Ohio, he has enacted more measures to protect unborn children than any other governor in the history of the state, including bans on late-term abortions and bans on elective abortions in public hospitals. Related Story: The 2016 Field of Republicans Was the Largest in 100 Years Many in the Republican establishment became upset with Kasich, however, over his refusal to drop out of the Republican primaries even after it became clear he could not win enough delegates to secure the presidential nomination. Critics believed Kasich was undermining Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruzs ability to stop presumptive nominee Donald Trumps march to victory in the primaries by splitting the anti-Trump vote two ways.    One of the most notable efforts to persuade Kasich to abandon his bid for the nomination, or to persuade voters to abandon him, came from the conservative anti-tax group Club for Growth. The group spent $1 million on a television ad attacking Kasich. The ad, titled Math, points out Kasich couldnt win the nomination and went on to claim his candidacy was fueling Trumps success. If you dont want Donald Trump to win, your choice comes down to this: math. Only Ted Cruz can beat Donald Trump. John Kasich cant do it. The math wont work. A vote for Kasich actually helps Trump by dividing the opposition. Its time to put differences aside. To stop Trump, vote for Cruz. Kasich, however, maintained that he could win the nomination by blocking Trump from securing the necessary delegates before the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, and by appealing to mainstream members of the party at a contested, or brokered, convention. As crazy as this year is - theres no one here who would say this isn’t nuts - can you think about anything cooler than a [contested] convention?† Kasich argued at the  Conservative Political Action Conference in March of 2016. Nonetheless, the strategy was considered the longest of long shots and angered members of the Republican establishment who were trying to stop Trump. Key Issues Kasich made  job creation, health care and student debt key components of his campaign and attempted to set himself apart from the other Republican candidates by portraying America as still being great. The sun is rising, and the sun is going to rise to the zenith in America again, I promise you, Kasich said in announcing his candidacy in July 2015. His campaign has focused more on economic issues, rather than social issues such as gay marriage, where he appears to be far more moderate than most Republican presidential candidates. While stressing he believes in traditional marriage between a man and woman, Kasich has also said: Because somebody doesn’t think the way I do doesn’t mean that I can’t care about them or I can’t love them ... Issues like that are planted to divide us ... We need to give everybody a chance, treat everybody with respect, and let them share in this great American dream that we have. Political Accomplishments As governor of Ohio, Kasich takes credit for eliminating projected state budget shortfalls  - including an $8 billion projected deficit  - while reducing taxes since taking office in 2011. He promotes his efforts to cut wasteful spending and eliminate government red tape. He also takes credit for  Ohios â€Å"stable† credit outlook among the major ratings agencies. I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole †¦ to a $2 billion surplus, Kasich was fond of saying on the 2016 campaign trail. He claims his administration was also responsible for the creation of  350,000 jobs and issuing the largest statewide tax cuts in history, totaling $5 billion. Education Kasich attended public schools in Ohio and earned a bachelor of arts degree in political science from  Ohio State University in 1974.   Personal Life John Richard Kasich was born in  McKees Rocks, a small borough near Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on  May 13, 1952. He is the oldest of three children. He considered becoming a Catholic priest before entering politics. Kasich lives in  Westerville, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus. He is married to Karen Waldbillig Kasich. The couple have twin daughters, Emma and Reese. How You Pronounce Kasich Kasichs last name is often mispronounced. The ch is hard at the end of his last name, meaning Kasich rhymes with basic.

British Versus American Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Versus American Cultures - Essay Example Nicholas a few minutes early. She is welcomed by a secretary who informs her that Mr. Nicholas will be in a minute or two, but she had to wait for more that half an hour. This makes her so agitated and extremely restless. When she stands and brushes her cloth, it is a body gesture that implied that she was already impatient with being kept waiting for a long time (Scott, par10). While still on with the conversation, Mr. Nicholas tried to show courtesy to Mrs. Marybeth. He goes on to talk about the weather so as to build rapport with his guest. Mrs. Marybeth found this to be time wasting and dismisses him. This agitates Mr. Nichols but he does not show it to her; his facial expressions conveyed it all. Mrs. Marybeth was particularly shocked by the state of Mr. Nichols’ office. It was not sophisticated as hers in Los Angels. Mr. Nichols room was in a mess which is not so much common among the Americans to find in such an office. Across the different cultures, how the offices are arranged, conveys lot different things. The way books and furniture were arranged in Mr. Nichols’ office conveyed so much to the American lady which would have been a wrong perception of the situation (Scott, par 4). Mrs. Marybeth should have known about the living culture of the British who do not put so much concern on one’s appearance. Mr. Nicholas also dressed in a way, Mrs. Marybeth found not sophisticated (Scott, par 7). Unlike the Americans, the British have proved not to be a good time keepers. Had Mr. Nichol realized that his visitor was a timekeeper he would not have kept her waiting. Mrs. Marybeth should also have realized or learnt that by saying a minute or two, Mr. Nichols’ secretary was not so precise about the arrival time of her boss. Mr. Nichol and Mrs. Marybeth, should have learnt about the different culture for better communication. Mrs. Marybeth should also have leant that the British consider courtesy to be so valuable to their visitors. S he should not have dismissed Mr. Nichols way of conversing with her, but should have acknowledged it and moved on with the matter at hand. Considering the state of the office, and Mr. Nichols dressing, Mrs. Marybeth should have learned that, in the different cultures, different people do not consider outward appearance to be primary. Although Mr. Nichol dressed in a shoddy manner, he tried to convey himself in a sense of class and also sharp and intelligent. Had the cross culture leaning occurred; none of the business partners would have been offended. Thus, there is need to appreciate other peoples culture. How Technology is Stifling People’s Compassion There are different meanings of some verbal and non-verbal cues in the diverse cultures. A person can be able to decode these cues if he or she understands the culture of the person who is using it. He should also be able to understand that different cultures do decode the different cues to mean different meanings. According to Barnett para3, a person can take several minutes to trust a complete stranger only by using a face to face communication. We can be able to pay attention to inflection in another person’s speech, interpret the smallest change in facial expressions. This has been a norm in many peoples culture since the early times. Electronic evolutions in the society today, has made it to be harder to decode the expressions made by other people. The

TD 1 MGT - 491 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Essay

TD 1 MGT - 491 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management - Essay Example employees are made an elemental part in the operations, which is done to cultivate a working environment that promotes productivity, which is the ultimate goal. In comparison to the findings, the elemental role of strategic approach in organizations as per the module is coming up with the most practical designs that help the companies to meet their employees’ needs and at the same time promote the achievement of their business goals. Ideally, most organizations operate by following outlined strategies and to achieve them strategic human resource concepts must be integrated and balanced effectively in order to avoid conflicts and achieve the projected results. In addition, it requires advanced thinking and planning as well as the development of human capital, which is the case in many organizations (Deb, 2006). As a case example, human capital development has been made a key component to employees’ motivation and retention in SpartanNash in Michigan. Apart from being facilitators in human resource functions, the employees are strategic contributors to the company’s great success. This has been achieved by increasing and developing the value of human capital in the employees and preventing downsizing, which in turn has enabled the company to accrue distinct competitive advantages over other companies (Belasco & Horowitz,

How the existence of cheat codes could hurt Johnsons argument about Case Study

How the existence of cheat codes could hurt Johnsons argument about video games - Case Study Example Some of these regions are in dire need of security and other resources that are basic for human existence like food, shelter and clothing. The UN is has presence in most parts of the world with different organizations, within it, having key roles to play in promoting people’s wellbeing and improving security. Though the initial charter does not state that the UN should participate in peace keeping, the organization has been influential in keeping peace, for example, in Eastern Europe and Africa. As such, the UN participates in prevention of recurring wars and any spread of warfare to other areas. Therefore, the United States should take the UN as an asset that enhances development and sustainably. The UN has been influential in promoting peace, sustainability and development in many regions which are vital in the economic and political development of the US and the whole world. The most notable peace keeping missions in which the UN was heavily involved are centered in the Mid dle East. There has been a recurrent eruption of war in the Middle East, which has affected the world’s economy. Many countries in the world are affected by these war eruptions, which is a disadvantage to the development of many economic regions. The Middle East is known to have massive oil deposits. It is explicitly reflected that the management of world’s oil deposits is vital to the world economy. As such, any detrimental effects in these nations will affect the world oil prices and thus increase the cost of production the world over. When there instability in this region the first effect is always reduced oil production followed by increased oil prices. The countries in the Middle East are likely to record unfavorable balance of trade as their exports reduce during war or instability. This is an issue that directly affects the US as it is the single-most largest consumer of oil and related products. Were it not for the UN, the Middle East case would have been much worse than it is today. Similarly, diminished trade between the US and the Middle East countries has a direct impact on the economy of the US. If the wars in the Middle East are to continue for the next decade, the economy of the US will be worst affected. Therefore, the indulgence of the UN should be considered an asset as it strengthens the peaceful coexistence in the region. If these indulgences started after the WWI, there would be peace in this region. The activities of the UN should be enhanced to make the organization have increased positive influence worldwide. In addition to this, the UN has been influential in helping Cyprus. This nation has been adversely affected and the UN has stepped in to solve the situation. 6. Evaluation of the United Nations in the Middle East In the recent times, Syria has experienced unrest which led to the displacement of over 350, 000 refugees. As per the year 2012, Iraq recorded the highest number of refugees coming from the country, others ge tting into the country and many others displaced internally. According to statistics, the number of refugees from Iraq was recorded at 1.4 million while internally displaced persons were recorded at 1.3 million. This is a large number of people that need protection and other humanitarian assistance. The UN has since established its mission in the area to help these persons. According to the UN strategy in 2013, the organization is hosting 148, 000 refugees which are particularly from Syria. The r4ecent financial report states that the UN has used a total of 453,386, 000 USD. The UN has been effective in maintaining peace in the Middle East from its ongoing peace missions. The Middle East is

Media Ethics - Lawyers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethics - Lawyers - Essay Example A novel tells of a kind and diligent lawyer, married with two children, who work tirelessly to put the evidence together to protect a house cleaner physically abused by his billionaire master. The lawyer shows so much kindness and cares to the client with an intention of helping her get justice. Due to the closeness, and the problem the lawyer is facing at home with the wife, the lawyer falls in love with the client and they engage in a sexual relationship. In the movie, Mr. Shawn exhibits a series of unethical activities through bribing the witness to lie to the court to set free individuals involved in crime. Most states have established clear rules that make bribing of witnesses or potential witnesses a crime against the state. For instance, in California, section 137(a) of the Penal Code emphasizes that an individual who offers, gives, or makes a promise of any form of bribe to a witness or another individual that is to be called upon to testify in relation to a given case, to convince them to a certain agreement or understanding commits a felony (National Council of State Legislators, 2015). Shawn bars the truth from the court from obtaining the truth and deceives the court to let an individual get away with a crime. Shawn’s actions go against the code of ethics that upholds honesty, as he tried to influence the decisions of the judge by attempting to bribe him. On the other hand, the lawyer in the novel also acted outside the code of ethics by engaging in a sexual relationship with the client.

Women and law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women and law - Essay Example Out of respect and highest regard to the sanctity of life, treatments are sometimes forced on sufferers, who refuse consent to it because they want to cause themselves harm or that their logic is distorted due to the mental problem underlying. That was the case with B. V Croydon who refused to eat when she was prevented from harming herself, and was tube-fed against her will (Cooper, 2005). Feminists say that the illness is a symptom in a society which judges people on the grounds of looks, which emphasises thinness and has unreal requirements and stereotypes regarding peoples appearance. Also, it is much more frequent in girls than in boys, only increasing in greater ages. The law requires a person to sign a consent form to undergo these procedures, and those who choose to do so must be examined by a doctor beforehand in order for an evaluation of the reasons behind wanting to go through the procedure. Feminists say that this is an unnecessary step that shouldnt be taken. They claim that people should be happy and proud of their own body, accept it and love it, instead of trying to change it to fit a certain stereotype or desire of someone else in the society. Also, they say that the purpose of it is mainly to achieve the approval of someone else, rather than of themselves. Posing for a photo shoot like Adele has done is not considered to be illegal as long as the participant is an adult and agrees to it. However, it is obviously immoral and reprehensible, mainly because she was tricked into doing so because she was given a large quantity of alcohol beforehand. The law does not consider being photographed in provocative poses to be illegal, but using animals in this photo shoot causes it to be a "grey zone" since it is possible that sexual interactions between human participants and the animals were initiated, and then it is illegal on accounts of both bestiality and animal abuse. Furthermore,

OHS Safety Management System National Implementation Project Research Paper

OHS Safety Management System National Implementation Project - Research Paper Example Through communications management, project information will be generated, collected, transmitted as well as stored. Project risk management will ensure identification, analysis, and response to risks arising when implementing the project. Procurement management will entail procuring or acquiring goods as well as services for a project from external performing companies. The Project Management Institute describes the project management as the utilization of skills, knowledge, techniques, as well as tools to the activities of the project in order to meet the requirements of the project (41). This shows that those involved in managing a project have to strive to meet the expectations and needs of the people affected or involved by the activities of the project (Sai Global Limited). The main elements of this framework are the project management areas and project stakeholders. The stakeholders are the people affected or involved in the activities and encompass project team, project sponso r, users, support staff, suppliers, customers, and also project opponents. The implementation of a national safety management system will take place in four phases which will be used as an outline for evaluating the effectiveness of project implementation. Phase one will involve planning of OHS national Safety management system. Phase two will focus on reactive safety management processes. The third phase will focus on predictive and proactive safety management processes whereas the fourth phase will focus on operational safety assurance. This phased approach to implementing a national safety management system is a clear-cut process. It is evident that complex projects in management of projects are best progressed through breaking down... The paper tells that the Project Management Institute describes the project management as the utilization of skills, knowledge, techniques, as well as tools to the activities of the project in order to meet the requirements of the project. This shows that those involved in managing a project have to strive to meet the expectations and needs of the people affected or involved by the activities of the project. The main elements of this framework are the project management areas and project stakeholders. The stakeholders are the people affected or involved in the activities and encompass project team, project sponsor, users, support staff, suppliers, customers, and also project opponents. The implementation of a national safety management system will take place in four phases which will be used as an outline for evaluating the effectiveness of project implementation. Phase one will involve planning of OHS national Safety management system. Phase two will focus on reactive safety managem ent processes. The third phase will focus on predictive and proactive safety management processes whereas the fourth phase will focus on operational safety assurance. This phased approach to implementing a national safety management system is a clear-cut process. It is evident that complex projects in management of projects are best progressed through breaking down the entire intricacy of the task at hand into smaller and controllable subcomponents of the entire task. This will allow for smaller or partial resources allotment to complete activities subsets.

Women and law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women and law - Essay Example Out of respect and highest regard to the sanctity of life, treatments are sometimes forced on sufferers, who refuse consent to it because they want to cause themselves harm or that their logic is distorted due to the mental problem underlying. That was the case with B. V Croydon who refused to eat when she was prevented from harming herself, and was tube-fed against her will (Cooper, 2005). Feminists say that the illness is a symptom in a society which judges people on the grounds of looks, which emphasises thinness and has unreal requirements and stereotypes regarding peoples appearance. Also, it is much more frequent in girls than in boys, only increasing in greater ages. The law requires a person to sign a consent form to undergo these procedures, and those who choose to do so must be examined by a doctor beforehand in order for an evaluation of the reasons behind wanting to go through the procedure. Feminists say that this is an unnecessary step that shouldnt be taken. They claim that people should be happy and proud of their own body, accept it and love it, instead of trying to change it to fit a certain stereotype or desire of someone else in the society. Also, they say that the purpose of it is mainly to achieve the approval of someone else, rather than of themselves. Posing for a photo shoot like Adele has done is not considered to be illegal as long as the participant is an adult and agrees to it. However, it is obviously immoral and reprehensible, mainly because she was tricked into doing so because she was given a large quantity of alcohol beforehand. The law does not consider being photographed in provocative poses to be illegal, but using animals in this photo shoot causes it to be a "grey zone" since it is possible that sexual interactions between human participants and the animals were initiated, and then it is illegal on accounts of both bestiality and animal abuse. Furthermore,

High School Essay Example for Free

High School Essay 0 year i was born on 1998/7/5, in shanghai, china. 9 month i learned how to walk. 3 years old my first day of kindergarten. i cried but i also met a lot of cool kids. i learned to read. 4 years old i started to dance and i love dancing. 7 years old i went to elementary school and i was very exciting. i played violin for one year and then i quit. 9 years old lost my first tooth, im scared. 10 years old i got a first C in my life. rode my bicycle. 12 years old I went to a good middle school, and most people are very good at study. i felt im so lonely and tired. But after 2 weeks, i made a lot of friends and i love my life in my high school. my feet hurt, my doctor told me that i cant dance anymore, play any spots or P. E. class. 13 years old i moved to america because i got a bad score in my middle school. my parents think that i cant get into a good high school in china. most my classmates cried, i cried. i really missed them went i first came to here. but after few days, i adjusted my new life and i like my new school taylor middle school. however, i still miss my family members in shanghai and my friends. i still contact them. i also took a lot of classes after school to improve my english. 14 years old i became a eighth grader, i felt im so mature. i learned a lot from this year. i started to play guitar. 15 years old i went to mils high school. i got a good grade. 19 years old i went to UC berkeley. i met my boyfriend. had a good time in UC berkely. 24 years old graduated from UC berkeley, became a good psychologist. 26 years old i got married, have a good life. 27 years old got a lot of money and had my first child. 32 years old got my second child. 70 years old i got stomach cancer. 82 years old i died from gastric cancer, i donated my organs.

Using Suitable Models Identify The Customer Perceived Value Marketing Essay

Using Suitable Models Identify The Customer Perceived Value Marketing Essay Tesco is the largest food retailer in UK and it is amongst worlds top 5 largest retailers by  annual sales  behind  Wal-Mart  and  Carrefour. It started in 1919 and now it operates more than 3000 stores in UK and it also has stores in rest of Europe, North America and Asia. This company is multi category that also runs telecom and banking services apart from food retailing but for the purpose of this paper the focus will be will be on customer perceived values for the customers of TESCO. Tesco is based on trust and respect. They have learnt over the years that if customers like their offers, then there is higher rate of possibility that they will come back and shop with them again. So they will do every possible thing to retain their valued customers. 1.2 Vision of TESCO Tescos vision is to be most highly valued by the customers they serve, the communities in which they operate, their loyal and committed staff and their shareholders, to be a growing company, a modern and innovative company and winning locally and applying their skills globally. 1.3 Customer Perceived Value The Customer Perceived value of a product is the customers evaluation of all the benefits gained against all the cost of a product or service. Zeithaml defines customer perceived value as consumers overall assessment of the utility of a product based on perceptions of what is received and what is given. Though what is received varies customer to customer because some people want only quantity other may want quality in the specific product, similarly what is given also varies customer to customer like some people are only concerned with the price of the product others may be concerned with the time and efforts they are putting in to buy the product. (Source: Zeithaml, V. A., 1998 Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence Journal of Marketing 52 (July): 2-22) In simple words customer perceived value is the benefits you get after your sacrifices. It is often expressed as the equation: Customer perceived value = Perceived Benefits Perceived Sacrifice Benefits = attributes of core product/service and supporting services, perceived quality and price Sacrifice = customer costs involved in purchasing, such as time, travel, repairing faulty work, etc. NOT just price. Perceived Benefit Perceived Sacrifice Price Money Quality Time Status Effort Convenience Psychic cost Talking about TESCO, benefits associated with perceived value are: †¢ Price: Customers get great saving offers when purchasing their favourite products in Tesco. †¢ Quality: At Tesco, quality and freshness has always meant handpicked groceries carefully packed so customer knows every item is carefully checked before it reaches them. †¢ Status: Being UKs biggest retailer Tesco has a very high status amongst the customers and it has great goodwill in the market so customers are aware of the prestige of the company. †¢ Convenience: Tesco has got many facilities for its customers like online shopping, home delivery, self-billing counters and wide range of products to choose from plus now it is introducing free Wi-Fi in the stores for its customers so that they can keep connected to internet always. Sacrifices associated with perceived value are: †¢ Money: if consumer find the cost of product higher than expected, they need to decide if it is worth taking or not. †¢ Time: it is the amount of time consumer has to spend on finding and purchasing the product in Tesco. †¢ Effort: involves the physical energy devoted by people to find products that suits their needs in the store so it takes efforts to do shopping also. †¢ Psychic Cost: shopping is stressful and frustrating experience and Perceived risk is considered for the performance of the product (will it do the job), physical (may be bodily harm done by the product), financial (danger of economic loss from the purchase). 1.4 Holbrooks typology of consumer perceived value Extrinsic Intrinsic Active Efficiency (O/l, Convenience) Play (Fun) Self-Oriented Reactive Excellence (Quality) Aesthetics (Beauty) Active Status (Success, Impression Management) Ethics (Virtue, Justice, Morality) Other-Oriented Reactive Esteem (Reputation, Materialism, Possessions) Spirituality (Faith, Ecstasy, Sacredness, Magic) Source: Holbrook, M. B., 1999 Consumer Value: A framework for analysis and research. If we first consider extrinsic versus intrinsic, there will be higher extrinsic value for the customers of Tesco because they emphasise on the end result of their purchase. Talking about self-oriented and other-oriented it is seen that here focus is on self-oriented more while shopping in Tesco because the customer is doing it for his or her own purpose or objective. When we come to the final part of Holbrooks framework, active versus reactive, it is seen that customers of Tesco are from different cultures and societies so they prefer different type of food material like Chinese would prefer Chinese food and Indian will prefer Indian food so it is difficult to keep all the customers happy at once but for customers reactive is more important. What Holbrooks framework does enable is the ability to identify the key values of customers, and in the case of Tesco, whilst it can be stated that the customer perceived value is multidimensional, the application of the typology of consumer value identifies two key values, efficiency and excellence. 02) Critically evaluate the existing value proposition for the one you have chosen. Compare and contrast the value proposition with that of the leading competitor in its sector. 2.1 Value Proposition It is defined as an analysis or statement of the combination of goods and services offered by a company to its customers in exchange for payment (Investopedia, n.d.). It is actually a promise of value of the company to deliver the services that the customers expect to experience in the future. Tescos Market strategy: Tesco  focused  to  develop  the UK market as it is their  biggest  business  in the group. As for the worldwide  market, Tescos  objective is  to be a  spectacular  retail  store  in the world as well as online. Tesco  kept  its  customers  through  numerous  ways. One of it is through the Tesco Club-card program.  Tesco has been very inventive in the Customer Loyalty field. The loyalty programs they have  developed  have kept  customers attached  to their brand. Tesco had the  dreams  to  know its customers and  their  need and it  was the key to  customer loyalty  and satisfaction. This  Club-card  has  changed  Tescos  connection with its  customers  and the  data  from the database tour guides  all the key  decisions to be taken for company. The loyalty club-card design permits for  numerous  advantages  one of which is  aimed at  communication. There are more than 4 million variations of its quarterly  customer  mailing to  double-check  that its offers and discounts  are according  to their individual customer. Hence, this  scheme  assists  to keep its present buyer and bring a feel of  commitment  to the organization. The  advantages  of this loyalty scheme  will  apply  to new  customers  and  assist  Tesco to gain  larger  market share.