Supermarkets in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Super securities industrys in United Kingdom - Essay ExampleAlthough the super commercialises claim to show a wide range of options for their shopping but the prices that they charge on their products and the pressure given to the suppliers has created certain predicaments in the market. The four giants in the UK supermarket argon Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrison. In addition to the planning controls by the government for fetching care of the pressures felt by the suppliers in the retail industry, it has restricted the expansion plans of the four giants in the market (Grugulis, Bozkurt and Clegg, 2). Despite the recession happening in the country and decrease in the consumers spending, the food and retail industries are showing exponential growth the main credit goes to the four giants in the supermarket industry who are opening numerous stores at an accelerating rate (Neate, 1). The report by Corporate Commission has indicated that Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrison have been booming in getting permission from the concerned authorities to expand into other areas by opening up new stores. The report also highlighted the threat the expansion of these gravid supermarkets posed to the appliance stores, local food product stores and specialty stores. The study of Clerren et al. revealed that the large supermarkets are doing expansion on such an increasing rate so that they can get more market share as compared to their competitors and it is expected that the trend will sustain so because of the support that they are receiving by the UK government (470-471). Grocery Market of UK The IGD research has shown that in the past ten years, the grocery market of UK has been growing at an exponential rate and the number of large supermarkets has risen to an exception completelyy high figure (Li, 2). In 2008, the grocery market had reached ?146.3bn from ?93.3bn in the year 1998. Afterwards, the market has seen numerous uncertainties in the form of less consume r spending power, high rate of unemployment, financial crisis and many more. As of 2008, the UK grocery store has been divided into four major sectors i.e. convenience store hypermarket, superstore and supermarkets online channel and traditional retail. Among all the sectors, the huge market is of hypermarket, superstore and supermarkets and these comprise of more than 73% of the entire sales of the grocery market, followed by convenience stores sector that has 21% of the total sales however, traditional retail faces stiff competition from the aforementioned cardinal sectors and it has declined to 5% (Michaels, 1). According to the Corporate Watch, the four biggest supermarket chains in the UK market comprise of Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrison and they collectively seduce of about 68% of the complete grocery market (3). Tescopoly has shown that the grocery market share can be distributed as the traditional retail stores and supermarket chains the market share is divided as 30 % of Tesco, 15% of Asda, 14% of Sainsburys, and Morrison of 10%. Other supermarket chains that are included in UK grocery market are Marks and Spence, Iceland, Waitrose, Whole Foods Market, Aldi, Lidl and many more (Vasquez-Nicholson, 3). Porter has reported that the disclosed sales figure of the four large supermarket chains in the last financial year are as follows, Tesco ?3.8billion, Asda

Supervision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supervision - Assignment ExampleMichael would be encouraged to participate in peer counseling. This would alleviate in building self-confidence, self-direction and independence. This will serve to enhance his counseling skills, provide reassurance, self-growth and allow him to advancement his counseling sessions in a professional manner. The supervisors role as consultant As a consultant to Michael, I would encourage him to be independent in thoughts and actions. He would be provided with sundry(a) options and alternatives rather than answers. He would be encouraged to discuss the problems experienced by clients, and to brainstorm alternatives or interventions for each situation (Pearson, 2004). While I am acting as a process observer and collaborator, Michael would hand the ultimate responsibility for the resolution of the problem (Young & Basham, 2010). Supervisory shills for each role The role as a teacher can incorporate the skill of process or intervention. This is to help M ichael to focus more on what he learnt rather than contemplating if he did it right (Ward).

Motivating Employees in internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivating Employees in internship - Essay ExampleI believe money thunder mug buy most of the thing but it certainly mucklenot buy everything (Nohria, Groysberg & Lee, 2008). Mental peace, leadership and behavioral approaches of the leaders also motivate me signifi posttly. Leisure time or time off refreshes my mind and it thus motivates me. That is why I dont get enough motivations from money. To get motivations I need other things by from the money. Only high money cant motivate me.During the economic down turn managers can motivate slew with the help of continuous persuasion. At that point of time generally subordinates feel that their calling goals and objectives are beyond their reach. During that period of time managers should play a role of mentor where the mangers should inspire the people for more hard works. In the context of economic downturn, managers lead by example. During the period of economic boom, employees frequently feel that they can easily reach towards th eir goals. Under these circumstances employees generally take everything for granted. It results in to dozens of mistakes from the side of the employee. In this circumstances managers should motivated their employees for further more excellence.Diversity in the workforce is super important for the motivational efforts. It always increases the environment of motivation. Diversity is a factor that creates a sense of conformity in the organizational context. Diversity creates an environment of information sharing. With the information sharing employees in the organization can share their ideas among them. It allows them to increase their organizational knowledge (Burton, 2012). Diversity creates cultural bridges among the highly diverse workforce. cultural bridge can motivate the workforce and creates suitable organizational environment. All the above discussions and arguments are clear indicating that, diversity in the workforce affects motivation efforts in positive ways. That m eans

English - Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 Research Paper

English - Shakespeares Sonnet 18 - look for Paper ExampleIt goes without saying that this Shakespearian sonnet tends to be most rich in the ingestion of variegated imagery, the intensity and depth of passion and the dexterity of the usage of figurative language. Explanation of Sonnet 18 The poet begins the Sonnet 18 by posing a rhetorical question from which the reader can considerably deduce as to what one could further expect in this sonnet. At the very start of the song, the poet discernibly conveys that he is going to compare his beloved, which m whatsoever of the critics agree that one happened to be a young man, to a pass day. Nevertheless, if one chances to read the poet separately, not being cognizant of the theme and context of the poem, a reader could good assume that this sonnet is a poem eulogizing a beautiful woman. For the text of this sonnet tends to mention zippo so as to convey otherwise. The charm of the subject is praised not by directly tracing the similari ties amid the beauties of a warm summer day and ones looker, but, rather by posing contrasts among the delicacies of a warm summer day and ones beauty. There is no denying the fact that though the imagery used by the poet in this sonnet happens to be simple, yet, it is imbued with much meaning, context and verbal dexterity. angiotensin converting enzyme could also easily notice that the rhythm evinced by the poet in this sonnet is quite regular and continuous, without any obstructions and restraints, with a flow that is scarcely disturbed or hampered by any enjambments. Each and every pull in in this sonnet is specifically aimed at making a single statement, imbued with much meaning and context, and thematically building on the meaning conveyed in the next pull. No wonder, this act is achieved by the poet without compromising regular an iota on the melodic quality of the sonnet. Any mature reader could easily look to it that the poet has masterfully resorted to the usage of assonance and internal rhymes to achieve a melodious sound and rhythm. As one coming back with the perusal of this sonnet, one slowly comes to the realization that it is not merely a poem praising the beauty of the poets beloved, but also happens to be a verse loaded with philosophical connotations, delving on the temper and quality of poetry and the essential qualities it should possess. In a much broader context the poem also makes any unsuspecting reader in an indirect yet unintentional way think on the flying existence of man and the eternal existence of art and beauty. Rhyme Scheme and Sonnet Structure once again it gets visible at the scratch line glance that the Sonnet 18 is a typical Shakespearian or English sonnet. Hence, following the rhyme scheme of the other of the large body of Shakespearian sonnets, Sonnet 18 also has three quatrains followed by a couplet. Again the rhyme scheme is typically characteristic of Shakespeares other sonnets being abab cdcd efef gg. It is quiet visible that it is a classic Shakespearian sonnet having 14 lines lay in quite a regular iambic pentameter. Leaving aside a few first syllables that tend to be strong, the poem scarcely tends to deviate from its meter. There is no line that flows into the next line and each and every line culminates in a full stop. There lie two quatrains at the start of the sonnet that are easily followed by a third quatrain that tends to shift the tone of the poem a little. This quatrain is than masterfully led to a rhyming couplet that aptly culminates the Sonnet 18. Just as it was so typical of the Italian sonnets from which

TD 5 MGT 491 Integration and Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TD 5 MGT 491 Integration and Reflection - Essay ExampleThis approach chains HR systems to staffs assisting actions.Two widely discussed prototypes of HR systems with well-defined objectives include the respectfulness and commitment systems. These systems weed impact organizations in different ways. Compliance system, staff is monitored and controlled by a set of rules and regulations. This is assumed to activate and benefit them. Employees are seen as an unnecessary expense and are kept to a minimum to hop-skip on costs and improve efficiency. Adherence to companys goals is achieved by setting well specify rules and procedures. Commitment systems, on the other hand, is focused on the employee wellbeing. Employees are seen as capable and highly motivated. The employees are required to act in ways favorable to the collectivity. In this system however, there is a keep down line between self and others as employees behaviors are geared towards getting ahead and obtaining benefits from the organization as a collectivity.(Kevin, Hettie, & Randall, 2011)I would advise the senior management to choose the commitment system which is broadly uncouth rather than the compliance system which is control oriented and market driven. Employees are necessary for an organization to inflate therefore, goal oriented relationships between employees and the organization is necessary. With the commitment system in place, the employees specific contributions can be assessed and fully realized as there will be full acceptance of the organizations target unlikely to be achieved through a set of rules and regulations as used in the compliance system. A compliance system focuses on trends in market prices while commitment HR system will focus on sustaining a communal sharing which will enhance team guide and yield better results for the organization and therefore commitment HR system is the better

Death Race Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death Race - Movie Review suitThe entry of the deadly Dreadnought is the main highlight of the pictorial matter. The race is posted online so this race becomes the worlds approximately popular pay per view showing violence and violent death real time.The main objective of the cable machine race is to kill the other gondola car racers so that the winner is the one who stays alive. Each sting who participates in the race is given a female navigator who comes from the female prison house house facility. The navigator is excessively freed if her race partner wins the race. She also dies if the car is attacked by the other race drivers. In exchange for triumphant in the race, the prison convict who is a winner gets to win his freedom.Jason Stathams character in this movie is that of a daily worker who is framed and is convicted for a crime he did not commit. He enters the prison and the lock in warden had asked him to play the role of the evil Frankenstein. He enters the race w earing a special evil hide to hide his own identity. The objective of the other car racers who are also prison convicts is to defeat him.This movie is very relevant as it presents a setting goes against many of the basic human rights of US prison convicts. First, any form of gambling, whether internet based or site-based not is never permitted inside the premises and facilities of the US prison system. By posting the car race in the internet and encouraging gambling, the jail warden has committed a serious crime.Moreover, gambling in the internet also violates the non-profit nature of all the federal rehabilitation facilities of the US prison system. All of the prison convicts are entitled to basic human rights as provided for by the US constitution and the United Nations Human Rights Document. Maine and Vermont are the only states which even allow prisoners, parolees and probationers to vote during elections.Second, the prison convicts are forced to enter the car race or else th ey are threatened, penalized and put in closing off cells. This situation happened to Jason Statham wherein he was forced to join the race against his will. He did not like the violence and the killing which was an integral part of the car race but the jail warden forced him to consider this or else he will be given a hard time while inside prison.This prison car race policy goes against human freedom which enables a person, even a prison convict to baffle the face-to-face freedom decide to do whatever one wants without being held under duress. The movie denies the honor of a human life even that of a convicted inmate. The movie also did not feature the personal rights or freedom of a convict to communicate with and consult his or her counsel in cases where he feels a degree of uncertainty in any activity he undertakes while he is in prison.Third, the prison convicts were told to compete in car racing without having the proper racing outfit, a stipulated and duly sign-language(a ) contract for payment and additional compensation, adequate preparatory driving training and an orientation on car safety measures. These facts violate basic human rights since the warden makes good money at the expense of

Mission Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mission Statement - Essay ExampleMy charge is to be recognized as a respected clinical psychologist in my profession life. I would wish well to have specialization in the following sub-fields child/adult mental health, emotional disturbances, substance abuse, health psychology and LGBT issues. Along with these specializations, I am also very keen to contribute my efforts in physiological researches. I have been a subject during the physiological researches carried on Temple University but now I am firm to reverse the process and to be counted in those who actually do the researches. I am very ambitious young woman and will try my best efforts to achieve each of aspirations mentioned here. then I would like to gain a deeper theoretical knowledge in psychology and practical skills to respect and diagnose symptoms in a clinical context. I believe a University with a high personality like Leiden University is the best place to achieve my career objectives. I hold a four-year Bache lor of liberal arts degree in Psychology from Temple University in Pennsylvania.

Questions on Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Questions on Management - Essay ExampleA case in point can be drawn from the practice of lawsuit involving the Bank of America versus the city and County of San Francisco. In this case, the Bank of American seeks to annul ordinances passed by the city and county of San Francisco to harbor consumers the states argon mandated by carnal knowledge to consecrate additional legislation especially with respect to consumer protection (Mitchell). The ordinances prohibit financial institutions (all banks, industrial loanword companies and savings associations) from charging ATM fees to non-depositors. According to the cities, an ATM charge on non-depositors is punitive to consumers and weakens competition in the banking manufacturing at the local state level (Bank of America). In this case, congestion in smaller banks makes the smaller banks to lose clientele to bigger banks that operate many ATMs in the city. Conversely, the Bank of America argued that the above-mentioned ordinances we re disadvantageous as they impaired its operations. Ultimately, the Bank of America disputed the citys contention because the citys ikon of the ATM market was faulty. Unfortunately, the district court ruled in favor of the bank with the city locomote on the losing end. According to the District judgeship, the savings clause in the Electronic Fund Transfer coiffure does not grant the cities permission to regulate fees charged on ATMs as a measure to protect the consumers. In addition, the court also ruled that Home Owners Loan Act (HOLA) and Office of Thrift Supervisions (OTS) regulations gave savings banks the legal permission to charge ATM fees on consumers (Bank of America). Among the issues which have come to the fore are those concerning the attempts of states to enact laws which main purpose is to protect those who live within these states. The laws that have been enacted most often have tended to be overridden by the financial regulatory agencies in the name of implementi ng federal official laws (Mitchell). Since the American Constitution states that all the laws that are passed at the federal level are haughty to those passed at the state level, many of the agencies have apply these laws as an excuse to frustrate any laws that have been passed at the state level for the benefit of the citizens. In contrast, these agencies have developed a culture of helping banks (especially national banks) to establish their dominance over their rivals at the state level. In fact, the lawsuit involving the Bank of America versus the City and County of San Francisco indicates clearly that the HOLA and OTS regulations override the ordinances. The District Court also ruled that the National Bank Act and the regulations of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) are supreme to the ordinances passed by the city and county of San Francisco. Federal law annuls state law both(prenominal) directly (by stating preemption in explicit terms) and indirectly (by leaving no room for state regulatory control). A state law may also be annulled if it is established that its execution is in contravention of a preexisting federal law. In such cases, the federal law normally preempts the state law as the application of both laws is always deemed inadvertently impossible under the provisions of the constitution therefore, it is clear that the federal regulations

Discuss the impact of the USA's economy crisis on one or more Essay

Discuss the regard of the USAs economy crisis on one or more countries around the world. You may use USA as one country, but select at least one other - Essay ExampleRandall Filer, a professor of economics at Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, stated that the pecuniary competitiveness of some developed countries might increase despite the US economy crisis. In Martin Savidges newscast, WORLDFOCUS, Randall Filer specifically named Frankfurt and London as those that might benefit from the crisis.Financial contagion is a situation in which a faltering economy in one country causes otherwise respectable economies in other countries to have problems (Financial Contagion). A study on the financial contagion effects of the US subprime crisis on developed countries, by Horta, Mendes and Vieira, confirmed Randal Filers predictions (26). They found proscribed that the financial markets in Canada, Japan, Italy, France and the UK present significant le vels of contagion as opposed to the German and Portuguese undistinguished market levels of contagion (Horta et al. 26). The findings suggest the increasing dependence towards the US market, even for developed countries.The countries of the Third being can be divided into three free radicals those developing rapidly, those developing moderately, and those whose economies are not developing at all (Epping 116). Those that are rapidly developing are called Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), which include Brazil, Argentina, Hong Kong, Israel, Mexico, Singapore, southwestern Africa, South Korea, and Taiwan. The moderately developing nations compose the bulk of the Third World. The most populous of this group are India, China, Indonesia and Malaysia. And finally, the group that does not develop at all includes those countries found in sub-Sahara Africa. These countries have so few resources and so little money that development is almost impossible.Developing countries borrow money to build new infrastructures and industries in hopes of producing enough exports to pay back

Answer the question 7 and 10 on the case study Essay

Answer the question 7 and 10 on the case study - set about ExampleAt present, it can be said that they atomic number 18 following an autocratic style of on the job(p) at Cedar Tech.Research & Understanding of Group Decision Making Group finale do is eyeshot to be better than individual ratiocination making in the sense that it is generally thought that two heads are better than one. Group decisions are more comprehensive, there is more input concern in the decision making process and heterogeneity and diversity in the decision can be expected.The above approaches can be used to ensure that the mathematical groups perform effectively. The work groups can be do by employing various techniques. For example groups of 2-4 can be made within a department and embodied target should be assigned to that group. The individual roles & responsibilities of the group members should be assigned according to the individual strengths and capabilities of the individuals. This would to a fau lt match the current culture of Ceder Tech which is already defined to be task oriented.The group discussions are criticized as a decision making means because of their inefficiency. However, if the following twelve steps to get through group meetings effective are followed, groups can be highly productiveCurrent Conditions At present decision making seems to be on a day to day, ad hoc basis and there is no as such strategic planning process involved. The President & CEO is expediting an extremer level of control, even in daily, operating(a) decision making. There is no delegation. The managers indispensableness to be given authority to make decisions.Goal(s) The management goals are to motivate their employees including the mangers to support them in future. Without empowerment, the management is not satisfied. In order words to achieve this goal, the managers need to be given authority.It is proposed that only in circumstances where decisions are of a confidential and strategic nature, decision making has to be taken at the top level Vice Presidents, CEO and Directors will make the decision. In cases where a single individual (at a higher level) has

Theory of Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory of Comparative Advantage - Essay ExampleIn turn, the countries would have an probability to outcome goods from the domain that had an absolute expediency in those goods (Hall and Lieberman 2007). However, in 1817, David Ricardo disputed the postulation of absolute good and instead developed and enhanced the claim of relative advantage (Hall and Lieberman 2007). According to the author, a country obtains comparative advantage if it possesses the ability to produce a particular good and be able to produce the good at lower opportunity than some other country (Carbaugh 2010). Initially, absolute advantage talked and fore so, resources as secern to obtaining absolute advantage in takings of goods, comparative advantage on the other hand regards opportunity cost as key in production of goods. For instance, Ricardo gather ups that , a resemblingly potential trading accessory may be perceived to be absolutely inferior in the production of every superstar good, where mo re resources per unit of each(prenominal) good may be required than any other country and still have a comparative advantage in some good (Hall and Lieberman 2007 Maneschi 1998). The comparative advantage comes about because the country is inferior at producing some goods than others (Misra and Yadav 2009). At the same time, a nation that have absolute advantage in producing everything as it was perceived could still benefit from trade since it would have a comparative advantage only in some but non all the goods. What is comparative scheme? Globalisation in the world has postulated that, trade unlike before can be conducted between countries. As a result, trade between countries has go bad important and necessary for the growth of international economy (Ezeani 2011). In order to understand how countries may end up coming to be trade partners, one possibleness developed by Ricardo has become important in explaining such relationships. Comparative advantage, which explains how trade relationships between countries may be established, has come out as a key theory in explaining how countries benefit from each other by having goods that they do not produce due to cost matters. Adam Smith accentuate the need of each nation to look for absolute advantage as far as production and consumption of goods is concerned. What when this postulation is analysed in practical sense, then it becomes clear that, absolute advantage may not permit development and healthy growth of trade in the international sphere. Take for example, two countries mainland China and United Kingdom, where China may appear to be inferior in terms production of goods like clothes and aircrafts. In this case, China does not have absolute advantage like United Kingdom, and therefore, the point that can be asked in such scenario, is what China can do, what UK can do, and of course according to absolute advantage theory, there is no way out (Branch 2006). However, another theory that attempt to add ress this dilemma, which has evolved to become critical in international trade, is the theory of David Ricardo developed in 1817, and the theory is known as comparative advantage theory (Peng 2010). Using the two examples of China and United Kingdom, comparative advantage theory postulate that, though UK may have absolute advantage in production of clothes and aircraft, this does not influence out China as an able country that cannot produce such goods. China may bear witness some efficiency and capabilities in the production of both goods ((Branch 2006)). As a result of having ability

Teacher Satisfaction and Student Academic Achievement Essay

Teacher Satisfaction and Student Academic Achievement - Essay ExampleIt is a compound study that was conducted to gain a better understanding of the beliefs and attitudes of teachers concerning line of credit satisfaction from the viewpoint of small teach govern teachers. It is a study that attempts to understand more clearly the factors and reciprocal influences that affect teacher job satisfaction, particularly in the context of the operation of small schools, faculty stability, homegrown and transplanted teachers, teacher quality, and the relationship among teacher job satisfaction and student achievement.There is general consensus that small district schools exist in a unique environment as compared to the balance of other types of schools in public education (Anschutz, 1987, Arnold, 2005, Belsie, 2003). footling district schools operate working under the same laws and with comparable expectations and goals as their urban and suburban counterparts, alone absent of the sam e quantity or quality of support and resources available from the schools central organization or the local community. Ultimately, it remains a school districts responsibility to provide a quality and appropriate education to the youth of their community. To accomplish this, teachers are the main vehicles that set the climate, offer encouragement, and deliver the curricula that students require, in pursuit of successfully meeting the expectations set by state and federal legislation, as well as the local administration, careless(predicate) of the functioning condition of the district.Consistently, the most valuable and accessible resources located within a school district are the teaching staff. Despite having teachers as an easily available resource, schools often do not allow in teachers as a resource at the levels desired or expected by

Rocky movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

rasping - Movie Review ExampleHe collects loans for a certain shark and also fights in the towns mysterious clubs where he is lowly paid. His success begins when a heavyweight aesthesis Creed, selects him to be his opponent in a fight where Balboa gets a chance to prove that he is not worthless (Didinger, Glen & Gene 14-16). This is because he gets mocked a lot when he fights at the clubs. He loses the match but this does not deter him from trying more. Thus, he is not successful in job searching, which makes him decide to stick to boxing. While training under paddy field he improves his skills to a better boxer.Meanwhile, his opponent at the first match Creed is criticised by his fans. He is pressured to overcome his fight with Balboa which makes him taunt Rocky publicly. Du work party their fifteenth round, Balboa knocks Creed and this makes him get declared heavyweight champion for the first time (Didinger, Glen & Gene 16). This makes Rocky celebrated and he appears in a numb er of telecasting advertisements as well as programs. After the fight what follows is a stream of wins making him more famous than his earlier opponent. While preparing to retire from boxing, he is publicly challenged by the number one contender pack Clubber Lang. This time round Rocky is not fit to fight as his trainer dies of heart attempt during their second round where he loses to Lang. Surprisingly, Rockys old rival Creed becomes his trainer and during the deuce-ace round, he knocks Lang out.Another contender Ivan Drago from USSR challenges him to an exhibition match which does not take place. Instead, they fight on Christmas day where rocky knocks him out some seconds to final round. After this fight, Balboa gets diagnosed with brain damage which makes him retire from fights. To add on this, he is bankrupt due to poor accounting of his fortune. This forces his family to return to their earlier neighbourhood. His son follows his footsteps in the ring

Implementation of strategy in FlyBe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementation of strategy in FlyBe - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that in the form of the fact that a strategy needs to be selected in order to fuel the growth of Flybe, the strategy that needs to be selected is a strategy that go forth help the federation in consolidating the business on the home front. Given the riskiness of the business in which the company is operating and the fact that the country in which the company operates has not recovered fully from the clutches of recession this seems as the best available strategy. It is require that following the loss that the company suffered in the year 2013, the company should focus on consolidating the financial localise first of all. Although the company has seen profit in the year 2014, it is still very risky to venture into a new market just yet. Another fact which makes the decision of entering the market still outlying(prenominal) fledged decision for the company is the fact that the Asian market is a relatively new market for the company. So the returns from the Asian market will be rather slow to come by as opposed to the strategy that involves the domestic market. In view of this case, the strategy for the domestic that aims at consolidation of the operations in the domestic market is the strategy that should be chosen for implementation. The strategy that aims at consolidating the business of the company involves several(prenominal) steps such as remove the unprofitable routes, introduce marketing coupons and discount coupons that will help in making the routes more attractive to the customers etc. In implementing the strategies there are several issues that will arise which might hinder the implementation of the strategy. There are also some factors or issues that will help or synergies the implementation of the strategies.

Strategic Management Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

strategical Management Business - Term Paper ExampleAccording to Bo Bennett A dream becomes a cultivation when action is taken towards its achievement (Gordon Bell High School, 2012). The justification of the quote can be utter(a) by none other than the personality who has given birth to the technical giants Apple. Apple inc. is a consumer electronics attach to which is headquartered at California, United States. The ac attach to is primarily indulged in manufacturing and marketing software, personal computers and other electronic products (Yahoo Finance, n.d.). some(a) of the iconic products of Apple include I-Phone, I-Pad, I-Pod and very shortly going to add I-Car to its product range (Paultan, 2012). in spite of appearance a very short span of journey the company has been able to achieve the elite short letter in the IT industry. The moorage which has been selected to carry out the research is the article namely outsized Apple vs. Big Oil. The case illustrates the ups an d downs of the company and mentioned the staggering success of Apple in the share market. The case overly highlights the reasons of Apples success in the market place and depicts the importance of the stake holders of the company. Moreover the case also illuminates the importance of Steve Jobs and his innovative and leadership qualities.The reason why Apple has been chosen in tell apart to carry out the research is that the company offers tumultuous market narration. It has also witnessed economic slumps as puff up as path breaking success. The company is also the most noteworthy player in the digital entertainment sector with innovative outlooks for the future. Therefore it is assumed that Apple inc. will be the most adapted organization towards the completion of the study. Now the prime problem or the issue predating the company is the concerns of the health of Steve Jobs. The person is considered as the technical genius for the company and the sole personality behind every in novations portrayed by the company. Since Steve Jobs is the CEO of the Apple and with his absence the company will hugely suffer from leadership problems. However the investors of the company are gaming on the fact that the company will still pump out dull profits. But still the question remains that will there be anyone ever who will select Steve Jobs Shoes. The company is also comprehensively facing problem regarding the affordability of their products. The price of the products is meant for the higher income groups and and so the other section of people could not afford it. This also hampers the total sales volume of the company and ultimately lessens the revenue. Facts The chosen article i.e. Big Apple vs. Big Oil illustrates that Apple Inc. was once on the verge of a bankruptcy but stabilizing the situation progressed towards being the market leader in IT industry. The company has also outperformed some of the biggest players of stock market. The day of 9th August will alway s remain significant for the company as for a time being they have surpassed the oil giant Exxon Mobil in the mount of the firms

Exceptionalities in a classroom Essay Example for Free

Exceptionalities in a classroom Essay

Three things that happened in my life Essay Example for Free

Three things that happened in my life Es feel outWhat is that take exception?How is hit?Is that something I piece of ass stay home and it result come over to me? Is that something I can befit because my parents have it?My explanation about challenge could be different but I conceive of it will work. repugn is always people dreams but most do not complete it Challenge is your dream, is something you want died for, you resign our life for You believe in, you spend all your beat for, you borrow money for, you dilute in your sleep for, and sometime you dont sleep for,First is work When you want, when you decide to sacrifice you life for it, and will see how work is. No is not something you can stay home and it will come to you, is something you go looking for, no matter how openhanded it is outside no matter how bad the whether is you set off up with it in you head and get out looking for it, no matter how difficult everything is for you go looking for it.No challenge is n ot something you could be befit from any parents, our parents could be abounding and gives you whatever you want, you still motive to know you need challenge , our parents can give you most time they have doesnt mean anything, you can have to put yourself out and looking for challenge still like I did.Remember challenge is go back to naturalise, or if you already at civilise fit for it, spend all your time on it, always have an your mine why you wake up early for? Why would you go to school for? Why would you do anything jobs to survive? Why would you need to spend a lot of time in school for? Dont forget how much money you loose if you spend four years in college, and could save that money and go to work making more money, always ask yourself why would you do that for, and keep going in school you will see it, you will understand it, you will satisfy it, you will love it, you will say this is how challenge work.

Socioeconomic and political environments Essay Example for Free

Socioeconomic and policy-making env cast-ironments Essay later the Civil struggle, capital letter returned to the family cable, assisting in terminate two much suspension link up across the Ohio River (Invention Factory 2007). During this time Washingtons father, John, became interested in building a connect across the eastern close River. New York legislators finally realized the need for a route over the East River and passed a bill for some sort of construction. The largest restriction that the plans for the structure had to abide by was its height over the river, which was set to avoid contact with masts of ships that passes on a lower floor it. This idea of a link was no social occasion refreshful. For 60 years, opposite paths of linking Brooklyn and New York had been considered (Trachtenberg 1965). Soon, the city of New York set up the first ferries from Manhattan to Brooklyn in 1812 but more(prenominal) versatile transit was needed. The Brooklyn Bridge was erected out of economic necessity and urban sprawl (Brooke and Davidson 2006). New York city was a huge immigration hub. In the mid-1800s, men and women began to emigrate from Europe and some(prenominal) settled in Brooklyn. As a result, many lived in boarding houses.Brooklyn at this time consisted mainly of Irish immigrants. Immigrants were give really poorly considered the work they per causeed as it was always the virtually demanding and risky. From 1860 to 1870, Brooklyns population growth was 50 percent the fastest growing city at the time (Trachtenberg 1965). Manhattan was the opposite of Brooklyn, in that it was primarily a craft district in the mid 1800s. Approximately 40 percent of wager earners in Brooklyn had jobs in Manhattan. The northeastern coast was a major hub for imports and manufacturing goods after the Erie Canal was built.At the time the single way to get from Manhattan to Brooklyn was by fairy which was often slow and hampered by storms. Taking the ferri es tended to be very dangerous. Plans for a either a bridge or a tunnel over the East River were interrupted by the Civil War. Bridges were thought to be impossible as no materials where known to be substantial enough to support the needed span. Part of the problem was that the bridge needed to be high supra the channel to allow masted ships to pass beneath it, even at high tide. These details had proven insurmountable until then.A fleet of ferries shuttled people and goods across the river every daylight. John Roebling, with his wire rope business and business relationship of successful suspension bridges, had a viable solution (Invention Factory 2007). The Brooklyn Bridge would use brace in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 gobs where good stigma of the lovablered size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (stag 1967). While it was non trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings had faith in its strength. At the time, suspension bridges were viewe d with suspicion.Many had failed in storms or under(a) live loads however, n unmatchable of the bridges John had built had ever failed. One of the reasons he had succeeded was that he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next century and around famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after John. After overdue debate, the Brooklyn Bridge gild was formed with John Roebling as chief engineer (Invention Factory 2007). One thing that the times lent to the project was a good source of cheap labor.Poor immigrants, mainly Irish, were the ones who worked the most on the bridge. They also took the brunt of the casualties. Approximately 20-30 people died during construction and administration viewed it as necessary and unavoidable. Labor was very manual and at the time workers had very trivial power in politics. The Irish workers did not wassail the choice of date, as it coincided with th e Queens birthday. Technological Context Construction Details In celestial latitude 1849, an accident mangled Roeblings fathers left hand while undergoing testing on the innovative wire rope machinery.This new technology would set this bridge far ahead of its time, utilizing a braded configuration allowing flexibility and easier handling (Trachtenberg 1965). The Brooklyn Bridge would use brand name in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 tons where good steel of the same size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (Hart 1967). While steel was not trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings had faith in its strength. At the time, steel or no steel, suspension bridges were viewed with suspicion. Many had failed in storms or under live loads however, none of the bridges John had built had ever failed.One of the reasons he had succeeded was that he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next c entury and most famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after Johns lifetime. Construction was very hazardous at that time, even for chief engineers. At the start of the project, the Brooklyn Bridge Company lost a crucial member. A ferryboat crushed John Roeblings foot when he was on site. After having his toes amputated, during which he declined anesthetic, an infection set in and killed him (ENDEX applied science 2007).Surprisingly there was little debate over who should succeed him. Washington Roebling was already deeply involved with the project so he was appointed successor (Invention Factory 2007). In 1872 disaster struck again. Washington himself was down in the caissons more than any one else. He was suddenly struck with what was called caisson sickness, and is what is modernly called the bends (Invention Factory 2007). This disease was not understood at the time and results from prolonged exposure to high pressures and then sudden decompression, allowing nitrogen bubbles to form in blood and possibly clog them.Washington was not the first to fall ill from the bends, in fact, people had already died of it but work proceeded on. After coming back even though intelligibly sick, Washington was cheatridden, crippled for the remainder of the project. He was only able to stand for 10 minutes at a time when the bridge opened in 1883 (Smithsonian Associates 2004). Washington remained head engineer giving orders from his bed but the person most visible to visitors at the project was his wife, Emily. She knew just as much around the project as Washington.When a board of enquiry was put together to try to oust the sick head engineer she removed sufficient doubt from its members for Roebling to stay (Smithsonian Associates 2004). To say she was the head engineer would only be a very slight exaggeration. The towers that supported the span were made out of limestone, granite and concrete. Newly piece techniques for making steel made it a cheap, strong metal for the suspension cables (Hart 1967). The first order of business was to sink the two giant caissons into the riverbed to support the towers (Figure 1).These were made of 12 x 12 yellow pine beams and weighed by themselves 3000 tons, having 15 foot thick roofs to keep the excavators from getting crushed by the ultimately 80,000 tons of rock piled on top to make up the Towers. John found a new way to devise a foundation. The caissons were floated into place and then sunk into position, driven downward by the towers on top and crews underneath removing the effective riverbed (ENDEX technology 2007). Once they reached solid ground the caissons would be handle full of grout and serve as a perfect foundation. They were undoubtedly the most tedious and knotty part of the bridge construction.Excavation methods consisted of shovel, pick, wheelbarrow, steel bar stone breakers, winches, and ten ton hydraulic jacks, ultimately blasting after Washington Roebling conducted a series of experiments in the caisson. Initial rate of caisson shot and lowering produced 6 inches per week, with a workforce of 360 people constructing the bridge (Trachtenberg 1965). Compressed air was used in the caissons to keep the water out, and the deeper they got (78 feet on the New York side, 45 feet on the Brooklyn side) the higher the pressure needed (ENDEX Engineering 2007). This was dangerous in more way than one.Fires could be catastrophic, and occasionally there would be a hoyden that subsequently would allow water back in. The largest of these air releases blew rocks and mud 500 feet into the air in 1870. Fires, from employ dynamite, were the worst however. One was found smoldering in the 15 feet of wood under the Brooklyn Caisson, fed by compressed air (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Eventually some timbers were replaced and the rest of the holes were pumped full of grout. The New York caisson was stopped after 78 feet not because it had reached rock but bec ause conditions had become intolerable.As a result, to this day it rests on sand surprisingly stable (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The Brooklyn and New York Towers were completed in 1875 and 1876 respectively (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The cables were strung after the completion of the towers. Perhaps the greatest calamity struck in the middle of this. A cable snapped, killing two men, and it was found to be very substandard (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Incidentally, the contractor who supplied the steel cable was not John Roeblings Sons Co, which at the time was owned exclusively by Washingtons brothers. The cables were flawed.Eventually, the wire in all the cables, including 1520 suspenders and 400 diagonal stays, was approximately 3600 miles long (ENDEX Engineering 2007). ad hominem Characteristics Washington fought in the civil war both on the ground as a military observer from hot air balloons. Washington served at Gettysburg with distinction on Little Round upside and was at the si ege of Richmond (Invention Factory 2007). He became very noble and selfless, though cocky at times, during the Civil War. Perhaps the most important part of his war career, however, was that he met his wife to be, Emily warren, because he served under her brother, General G.K. Warren (ENDEX Engineering 2007).He ended the war at the rank of a Colonel. After the war he helped his father build the Cincinnati-Covington Bridge (now called John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge) before the Brooklyn Bridge. Despite many the huge hurdles of the Brooklyn Bridge project, among which was the fact that Washington became horribly sick and bedridden for most of the actual building from decompression sickness when the huge caissons for the twin towers were sunk in the Hudson riverbed (hence the traditional boundary caisson sickness), he managed to oversee all stages of its construction.He did this only with the help of his wife Emily Warren Roebling, who almost every day visited the site and reporte d to him and who some felt built the bridge herself (The keen Engineers, 1967). The Brooklyn Bridge was opened May 24th 1883 by the death chair of the United States U. S. Grant, to fireworks and one cent tatter passes to cross. Apparently it was a great relief to Washington Roebling as his health began to slowly improve.After the completing this engineering marvel in 1883, Washington lived a relatively quiet life, mostly as a result of being still partially crippled from his illness, and when his wife died in 1903 he remarried in 1908. He spent much of his time collecting minerals, which was his one great hobby, eventually having 16,000 specimens and ending up in the Museum of Natural Historys mineral and gem collection (Smithsonian Associates 2004). This hobby added balance to his life and in all probability kept him from accomplishing very much else as it took so much of his time. He outlived his wife Emily and remarried.He became president of his fathers company, John Roeblin gs Sons, in 1921 at the age of 79. He brought incredible energy to the position, modernizing the factory with electricity and adding a galvanized wire section. The business prospered under his leadership until 1926, when Washington Roebling died. When one has hobbies such as athletic contest help keeps a healthy time management of school work and fun down time. College is one of the few times were one can have fun. There is a time and place to know your hobbies but to enjoy these hobbies one must put in an honest days work. demonstrationWhen the Brooklyn Bridge opened to traffic on May 24th 1883, it was one of the grandest engineering marvels of that century in North America. The construction was composed of many firsts. Despite innumerable setbacks, including the untimely death of the original room decorator of the plan, John A. Roebling, and the crippling of his son, Washington Roebling, who succeeded him in the chief engineer duties it, was finished in 14 years, having been commenced January 2, 1870. At the time of completion it was 50% longer than any other suspension bridge, it was the first to use steel cables, much stronger than hemp or cast iron previously used.The towers that supported the four main cables (each of which supports a total dead live load of about 6 million pounds) for the span were the largest stone and masonry objects of their kind rising approximately 276 feet above the high water mark (Smithsonian Associates 2004). The challenges of this are hard to fathom in todays world of reinforced concrete. Appendices Figure 1. Sinking the Caisson into the Riverbed Table 2Brooklyn Bridge Innovations 1st suspension bridge to use steel 1st suspension bridge to structure the wire 1st bridge to use pneumatic caissons 1st to use dynamite in bridge construction 1st female field engineer Longest bridge constructed Tallest structure in the western sandwich hemisphere Considered to be the 8th Wonder of the World.Bibliography Biography Invention F actory 2007. The Smithsonian Associates Civil War E-Mail Newsletter, Vol 3, No 9. Smithsonian Associates 2004. http//civilwarstudies. org/articles/Vol_3/roebling. htm Brooke and Davidson 2006, Kathleen L. , and Frank P. Davidson. Building the World. Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut Greenwood P, 2006. 240.Brooklyn Bridge Facts, History, and Information. ENDEX Engineering, Inc. 5 May 1998. 29 Mar. 2007 http//www. endex. com/gf/buildings/bbridge/bbridgefacts. htm. Hart 1967, Ivor B. The Great Engineers. Freeport, N. Y. Books for Libraries P, 1967. Trachtenberg, Alan. Brooklyn Bridge Fact and Symbol. New York, New York Oxford UP, 1965. 11. Invention Factory 2007. John a. Reoblings Sons Co. 28 Mar. 2007 http//www. inventionfactory. com/history/RHAgen/warbio. html. Wikipedia Update April 1, 2007 at 813 p. m. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Washington_Roebling.

Organizational culture Essay Example for Free

organizational culture Essay1. Discuss several areas in which HR deal affect organizational culture positively or vetoly.A military personnel alternatives de actuatement plays a significant role in determining the culture of an organization. sympathetic resources cultivate and execute policies and procedures in constitute areas such as hiring practices, fee, way relations and employee conduct and behavior. The decisions made by the clement resources department can have significant positive and negative implications for the everywhereall heathen quality of the organization. Some of the affected areas implicate creating awareness, compensation plans, hiring practices and behavior. Company executives may not always have a true understanding of their incarnate culture, as they are often far removed from the front lines of the operation. compassionate resources personnel can grant the benefit of instructing top management as to what the culture is really same. This ma y lead to positive commutes in the corporate culture, it could also lead to changes that meet with resistance from employees, such as when management decides it needs to change or eliminate popular employee programs that it deems wasteful or un harvest-tideive. When it comes to compensation, the forgiving resources department typically accepts the responsibility of aim compensation programs for the organization. Dep obliterateing on how they achieve this, it could have a positive as well as negative impact on organizational culture. For example, an incentive program for salespeople may provide the opportunity for these employees to increase their compensation through greater productivity. Nevertheless(prenominal), it could also produce an environment where the salespeople are competing against each other, leading to the deterioration of teamwork and morale. gentleman resources also determine the hiring and recruiting practices used by the organization, which has a great impact o n the organizational culture. A strong attention to characteristics of occupation candidates such as education and come can certify that the caller-out hires employees who are capable of performing the job. In contrast, if there is a lack of focus on characteristics like personality and people skills, the company may block up up hiring candidates who will have difficulty universe a sole member of the corporate culture. Another key area subsiding under human resources is the conduct of the organizations members. In many organizations, particular larger ones, this involves the development of a code of conduct or ethics that specifics how employees should treat each other and conduct their daily activities. An operative code of conduct that denotes the heart determine of the organization and is strictly enforced can promote a culture characterized by high gear levels of ethical behavior. On another note, a weak code or one that is only habituated lip service by human resources could lead to a culture of dishonesty and distrust.2. For many exclusives, the genius of work and jobs is changing. Describe these changes, some fences for them, and how they are affecting both HR management and individuals. In reference point to our textbook, our world is ever changing when it comes to the workplace. Some of the issues that affect the organization include technology, changing demographics, education and cultural issues. According to the article, The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work and Workplace,In todays world, the structure, content, and process of work have changed. Work is straight off* to a greater extent cognitively complex* to a greater extent team-based and col persistenceative* more aquiline on social skills* more dependent on technological competence* more time pressured* more mobile and less dependent on geography.In todays world, you will also be working for an organization that is likely to be really different due to competitive pressures and technological breakthroughs. Organizations today are* leaner and more agile* more focused on identifying value from the customer perspective * more tuned to dynamic competitive requirements and strategy* less hierarchical in structure and decision authority* less likely to provide lifelong careers and job security* continually reorganizing to maintain or gain competitive advantage.3. Why is it important for HR management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to becoming a more strategic contributor?According to the PowerPoint, Changing Nature of Human Resource Management, Dr. Zaw states that the typical roles are still apart of human resources managers job descriptions, but the magnitude and percentage of each within the job description has altered.Human resources roles typically include* Processing and recording keeping* Operational and employee advocate roleHuman resources strategic roles typically include* having a seat at the table by contributin g to organization results and success* Human resources becomes a strategic partner* When it focuses on creating program that will enrich the organization performance* use up human resources in strategic planning at the onset* Contribute in the decision qualification in reference to mergers acquisitions and downsizing* Recreating of organizations and work processes* Accounting and documentation the pecuniary means of human resource activitiesHe then explains the nature of strategic Human Resource Management.1. The human relationship of the organizational and HR strategic strategies a. Cost Leadership includesi. Competition on the basis of low price and high quality of product or service ii. Relies on building employees fit specialized needs iii. Requires a longer human resources planning horizon approach b. Differentiationiv. Competition on the basis of either offering distinctively different products or servicesv. Relies on hiring needed skillsvi. Needs a shorter planning time chuck in order to be responsive to dynamic environments2. Organizational productiveness and Effortsc. Human Resources Productivityvii. building block labor costs computed by dividing the average cost of workers by their levels of output viii. Low unit labor costs can be a basis for strategy focusing on human resources ix. Productivity and unit labor cost can be determined at the global, country, organizational or individual level. d. Organizational Effectiveness and Financial Contributions of Human Resource x. Linking with financial executive to certify human resources financial contribution to organizations performance e. Customer Service and Quality Products Linked to Human Resources Strategies xi. richly quality productions and services are the outcome of human resources enrichment to the organizational performance f. Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness xii. Organization culture is the values and beliefs shared amongst the organization. 4. What steps can HR professionals take to moderate that mergers and acquisitions are successful? How can HR help during the integration process?In reference to the article, What is the habit of Human Resource During a Merger? , Diane Chinn covers five distinct areas that human resources must focus on during a merger which includes executive coaching, employee communication, culture integration, employee retention and human resources integration.Executive Coaching Even though human resources have been considered a major staff function, it is shifting more to an essential strategy function. In the process of a merger, human resources should function as executive coaches assisting leaders in understanding the relationship with effective human resources management and merger success. It also give ins management insight to the different assumption of issues that may hinder the merger and find different solution for dealing with the issues.Employee Communication There should be ongoing communication with the employees in reference to the success of the merger. Even though employees do not understand the reason for the merger, they may presume to be against the decision without effective communication. Its the responsibility of the human resources department to create a communication strategy in reference to each step of the merger process.Cultural desegregation It is the responsibility of human resources to examine and compare the cultures of the two organizations and develop and execute a plan to delivery cultural issues that could affect the merger such as shared or conflicting values, beliefs and assumptions.Employee Retention Human resources must ensure that employees have the necessary skills and knowledge needed for the organization remain a part of the merged organization. Human Resources Integration When the companies merge, there are duplicate systems that must be consolidated or merged. This is especially true in HR where employee management, compensation and benefits, e mployee training, development and HR information systems must stop to function throughout the merger process.5. Many companies in the United States have recently put an end to the practice of giving an annual employee Christmas party due to complaints by employees with non-Christian religious backgrounds or spiritual values who claimed the Christmas party was discriminatory interlocking practice. These dissident employees argued that the employer who celebrated by paying for an employee Christmas party favored Christianity over other religions and belief systems. Do you think non-Christian employees are treated illegally or unethically when the employer decides to give a Christmas party for all the employees? What is the basis of your decision? What would be a reasonable accommodation that an employer could base to satisfy both the Christian and non-Christian employees?Yes, I do feel that non- Christian employees are treated below the belt because employers should be delicate to the religious beliefs of their employees. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. I feel that no one should be forcing to do something thats not a part of their beliefs or character. My recommendation would be to have an end of the year celebration where all are able to attend and possible share their cultural experience with everyone through foods, decorations and performances.

Investigating electric potential Essay Example for Free

Investigating electric car potency EssayA graph of V against 1/d gives a straight line with authoritative slope from x=0. 05m. It shows that the electric potential mensurable by the probe is inversely proportional to the distance of the probe from the scratch of the sphere. Discussion A voltmeter or a CRO cannot be used to measure the electric potential at a mind in the air because both instruments draw a small current to produce a warp and this will disturb the electric field. With no flame, the probe whitethorn acquire an induced charge and thereof affect the field around it, altering the potential at the needle. Therefore, a flame probe is used.It produces positive and negative ions which discharge the needle so that the needle becomes uncharged due to neutralization. Since the needle is now neutralized, its potential is the same as the original potential. Sources of error When measuring the distance of the probe from the centre of the sphere, a prepare of string with a mass attached was dropped from the sphere for locating the zero mark of the meter ruler. This may not be accurate as the sting may not be vertically to a lower place the centre of the sphere Precautions 1. The wire which connects the needle and the electroscope cannot touch the bench or any other earthed conductor.This is to close out charge leakage. 2. The charged sphere must be well away from the walls and the bench top as the induced charges on these objects will upset electric field. Conclusion Between two parallel plates the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the metal plates the electric potential is pro rata to the distance from the earthed plates Around a charged sphere the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the centre of sphere the electric potential is inversely proportionally to the distance from the surface of sphere

Fathers and Sons - The Quarrel - Chapter 10 Essay Example for Free

Fathers and Sons The enmity Chapter 10 EssayChapter ten begins with Arkady and Bazarov discussing Nikolai and his outdatedness, Nikolai consulting his brother Pavel about the same issue follows this. These two events b bely curb into the same chapter as the quarrel that occurs neighboring. Bazarov and Pavel deem not gotten along since they met and share different beguiles on essenti onlyy everything. Pavel loathes Bazarovs nihilist attitude and Bazarov, being a nihilist doesnt awe much for Pavels aristocratic nature either. They begin both been burning to have an parameter, especially Pavel who was just waiting for a spark to start a flame. When the discourse drifted to one of the neighboring landowners Pavel noticed his chance and uses this as a catalyst to start the conversation about nihilism and their different view stations.As the two men begin dueling it is noticeable how both count to be trained advocates. Their questions are brief and their answers to the poi nt and dont give away too much. Bazarov seems to not care less about what is happening whereas Pavel seems to be dripping with enthusiasm. Pavel acts as more of an interrogator than Bazarov and begins the communication channel by stating his opposing viewpoint of aristocratism which Bazarov mocks so plainly. Both men have their dignity at this point and although Pavel seems pressured not much tension is in the atmosphere. I do not share the same opinion, said Pavel igniting the debate. Bazarov accordingly asks Pavel what can be proved about the supposed superiority of the aristocrats. Though Pavel does answer the challenge I feel Bazarov is trying to change the subject when he chooses to individualizedize the argument and begins to remonstrate about what the point of all of Pavels trouble is.He implies that Pavel doesnt achieve anything in his breeding and so his aristocratic way of life has been a useless one with no progress. Although this is clearly personal to Pavel I dont feel as if Bazarov was intentionally trying to attack Pavels life and ridicule it. Unsurprisingly Pavel is offended and retorts, losing some of his dignity. He makes some other personal averment towards Bazarov saying that only ignorant or stupid volume would hump without the principals that aristocrats preach he is instantly implying that Bazarov is ignorant and stupid.This argument I feel was more of a personal statement made towards Bazarov quite a than a good argument to debate over, however Bazarov retains his dignity and moves to another topic, naming a few words used in aristocracy and labeling them as utter nonsense. At this point I bet Bazarov is winning the argument, as Pavel seems confused and temporarily overwhelmed by Bazarovs questions. But Pavel does do the right thing next by asking Bazarov what he feels should be through with(p) about the situation, just now again Pavel adds another personal statement at the end of his argument saying that if Bazarovs view s were put into effect the Russian people shall descry ourselves beyond the pale of humanity, outside human laws.Next more of Pavels dignity is stolen as they describe to him just now what a nihilist does and does not do. Turgenev clearly states that Pavel is overwhelmed by the definition of nihilism and what plans they have for Russia. In his view it is as if Pavel underestimated their ignorance. Bazarov says that at present time the most useful thing that can be done by the Russian people is to deny. To deny authority, principals, art, everything. I fail to understand how much can be gained by this, Bazarovs theory is that all that has been built must be destroyed in order to make out a new life which the people want. Although I feel Bazarov is running a better argument I dont agree with his philosophy and feel that instead of denying everything an attempt can be made at just trying to change what has been built instead of destroying it and reconstructing it from scratch.Pavel continues to regress his temper and his arguments get worse as he loses his dignity and begins acting childlike. To reply to Bazarov and Arkadys description of the Russian people he says No, no I cant believe that you young men really know the Russian people, that you represent their needs and aspirations No, the Russian people are not what you imagine them to be. They hold tradition sacred, they are a patriarchal people, they cannot live without faith . . . This sentence with its abundance of nos sounds very childlike and most of it seems as if Pavel is trying to tell himself rather than the others that what they say is not true. Bazarov passive contains full dignity and as adultly as possible agrees to ease Pavel, but he still refuses to admit if he is wrong. Then he states that although Pavel may be right it still proves nothing.His next argument is basic, but effective, Pavel says that in that case Bazarov must be going against his own people and Bazarov replies with an analo gy that implies that according to Pavel if the majority of the people do something utterly stupid he must do so as well. Pavel ignores the last argument made by Bazarov and instead chooses to retaliate by contend Bazarov by saying he is not part of the Russian people after he opposes them in so many ways. Bazarov handles this argument simply by referring to the most Russian people he knows, the peasants, who have knowledge of the past peasants who have risen and become of higher status now.Bazarov, as we have seen precedent in the book, talks to the peasants and doesnt mind answering their questions and talking to them. Although he may look down on them and not think much of them he still treats them like people and so they will on the face of it support him on this one so Pavel made bad move by challenging how Russian Bazarov is as he has more to show for it than Pavel. But again I do feel that study Pavel to himself was unnecessary and just made the argument more personal agai n. There is a short dishonour in the chapter as Nikolai stands up and tries to cool the two down asking them not to make this personal. He is a bit late.With Nikolais interference Pavel has a chance to compose himself and regain some of the dignity he had had before. They start to discuss nihilism once again with a cooler and less tense atmosphere. Bazarov gives another definition for nihilism, this time focusing more on their actions as a group. They then begin to talk about the strength of the nihilists, which Pavel is proved to have underestimated. I agree with Bazarovs view here that a openhanded number is not needed, but rather a stronger faith or force in what they are doing as the truth to be stronger then a large number. Although slightly irrelevant Bazarovs analogy to a single candle burning down the whole of Moscow, I feel was a strong argument. Pavel seems to lose his dignity along with the argument as he again starts acting restless and angered.Pavel then loses all dig nity when he starts to be sarcastic saying Bravo, bravo and trying to make what Bazarov is saying wacky by pretending to acknowledge it. His loss of dignity is made clear with Bazarovs statement You have gone(p) from your praiseworthy sense of personal dignity and with this Bazarov chooses to close the argument, but not without his closing sentence in which he asks Pavel to think of institutions where the aristocracy has had an outcome of no problems. Pavel attempts to name a few but is be wrong by Bazarov for his attempts. Bazarov once again asks Pavel to take his time and think about it with this he takes his allow and the discussion comes to an end.Bazarov is clearly a powerful advocate who can maintain his dignity even when he is criticized and although many people oppose his views he has managed to keep his views alive. Pavel, although a good attempt would make a weaker advocate, his weaknesses lie in his quick temper. Maintaining your cool is very important and Bazarov pro ved that, he left the argument with all his dignity and my vote as the winner whereas Pavel was left tongue-tied and labeled as the loser.

National Cranberry Cooperative Essay Example for Free

National Cranberry Cooperative EssayAccording to the data provided, in that location is 50 % of incoming berries which were wet harvested. In the absolute terms, this amounts to 750 bbls/h. The three drying machines can only handle 600 bbls/h altogether, meaning that 150 bbls of berries rich person to be stored in the bins each hour while waiting for the drying process. The split second bottleneck is located at the separators. The three separating lines have the capacity to separate 1200 bbls/h, while there argon 1350 bbls/h ready to be separated. Therefore, 150 bbls of dry berries have to be stores each hour.At the shoemakers last of the day (7 PM) there are 2400 bbls wet berries waiting for drying and separating, while also 2400 bbls of dry berries still have to go through the separation process. Drying process of 2400 bbls of wet harvested berries takes 4 additional hours and is finished at 11 PM. Simultaneously the separation is in process (for the dry harvested berries ). After the last 600 bbls of wet harvested berries are modify it takes additional half an hour to separate them for quality measures. Separation process is finished at 11. 30 PM. 4.When would the last truck unload and how long would it have waited? Due to the fact that the capacity of the bins is large bounteous for both, dry (4000 bbls) and wet (1200 bbls only wet + 2000 bbls wet dry) harvested berries to be stored before entering the production process, there is no waiting needed for the truck drivers. All the trucks are able to unload by 7PM. 5. Changes in order to improve performance (estimate the costs and benefits) Based on our analysis we propose three accomplishable solutions that would resolve a problem of companys bottlenecks.

A Leader in On-Line Travel Services Essay Example for Free

A Leader in On-Line trip up Services EssayThe pass away industriousness is billion dollar a year billet. Year or so people from exclusively walks fill the roads and departing plane seats in search of travel success. on that shoot down is no doubt that the travel industry will continue to be in demand, however, while passers, business travelers and everyone in between anticipate spending a good chunk of change to get from point a to point b, no person wants to part with their hard earned money. Thankfully, some genius bulge there understood this. Along with the evolution of the technological advances came a miraculous source for locating the go around deals in travel, from flights to hotels to car rental. Based on the number of travel clearsites available, no longer do discounted travel options belong solely to commissioned travel agents. Today, everyone from housewives to grandpas to beer-guzzling football fanatics have the capability of obtaining their own travel deal s. p atomic number 18nted by Expedia, Inc and based in Washington State, Expedia. com revolutionized the way people travel the world, and as time continues, its function only get better.With a bit of research, a pen and some paper, soon-to-be travelers be able to check what airline or hotel trump suits their needs (and their wallets) all with just a few clicks of the mouse. While competitors much(prenominal) as Travelocity and Priceline offer much of the same services, Expedia. com continues to be a leader in the travel industry (PR Newswire, p. 1). Thousands of hotels, airlines and other travel accommodators have joined in to vie for the travelers business, and the wooing has resulted in deep discounts and sometimes little extras, such as free hotel nights. Expedia. oms early days were a bit primitive, but as the demand for travel options increased, the business flourished. Expedia. com has become a household quote among travelers and will continue to be a source for deal s eekers around the world. Expedia. coms big to-do came in 1996 when Richard Barton, who, at the time, was responsible for creating CD-ROMS for Microsoft, presented the idea of offering travel options on-line (NetIndustries, p. 1).Microsoft Network1 reluctantly began assisting in web exposure in influence to generate business for the experimental company (NetIndustries, p. ). While discounted airline tickets were the only product Expedia was offering at the time, the investment Microsoft placed in technological innovations for the company greatly spread out the number of people coming across Expedia. coms website. A few short years would hear that Expedia. com was not just some fly-by-night dot-com. In 1999, Microsoft Network spun off a portion of their interest in Expedia for public availability a move that increased Expedia. coms worth at heart hours (NetIndustries, p. 1).With success under their belt, Microsoft opted to sell its entire interest in Expedia. com to USA Networks , Inc. 2. Led by chief executive officer Erik Blachford, Expedia. com is wholly owned by InterActiveCorp (PBM, p. 1). Teaming up with Classic Custom Vacations, Expedia Corporate Travel and Travelscape. com, Inc. , Expedia. com found itself in the perfect position to expand the types of travel services offered, and could continue fulfilling their mission of utilizing electronic sourcing in order to provide the best travel options to its users (About Expedia. com, p. 1).Services available through Expedia. com include discounted flights, hotel accommodations, auto rental, cruises and even vacation packages, all for domestic and international destinations. Additionally, the company offers guidance to travelers who are unsure of the type of travel they are seeking. By clicking the activities tab on the website, destination seekers are able to view events taking place all over the world (Expedia. com, p7).Additional services include printable maps, an easy 1. Microsoft Network, a major bundle developer, assisted Expedia. om by providing technological resources, to include premium web exposure, which played a major voice in Expedia. coms growth. 2. USA Networks, a media based operator, changed its call in to USA Interactive upon completing its leveraging of Expedia. com. USA Interactive also owns Expedia. com competitor Hotels. com (SJP, 2002). to maneuver website and 24/7 customer service. Along with success, Expedia. com endured its voice of struggles. In early operations, Expedia faced several lawsuits, including one from competitor Priceline. om for infringing on a patented name your price service. Other competitors, such as Travelocity. com were heating things up by adding new features and services to their websites. Expedia. coms defense was to play-up the features and services they already used by launching a major marketing operate using tags like Dont just travel. Travel right, and Where do you want to go at once? (NetIndustries, p. 1).While the mark eting campaign was a success, profit success was short-lived when some airlines stopped nonrecreational commissions to on-line travel agents, including Expedia. om. While competitors such as Priceline. com tagged on hefty $10. 00 surcharges to customers using airlines who didnt pay commissions, Expedia was able to negotiate with several airlines in order to avoid charging additional fees to customers, while go along to offer those airlines services without feeling too much of a punch (NetIndustries, . 1). Overcoming these challenges, Expedia continues its success by utilizing a product line pricing strategy, which entails offering a variety of products at ranged pricing, or bundling packages and charging accordingly.A mere 11 years old, Expedia. com has become established nationally as well as internationally. Today, Expedia. coms success continues. It employs 1,758 people, and averages sales at an estimated $590 million (NetIndustries, p. 1). The future includes focusing on the b usiness traveler, whose needs are being met by providing the widest range of products possible, and offering little comforts such as the Expedia. com Cafe3. Cornering the market with the best deals, Expedia. com will continue to lead the on-line travel industry without missing a beat.

Writing and Free

Writing and Free Sample EssayPositive impression genuine by teachers is a long shape benefit for you and you spate secure yourself by providing your take writings or submitting flavour exercise compose cover. Sample publishers provided on the writing websites are for your review only. It is mostly seeming that they gift already been used and submitted by other students. on that pointfore, any possible use of such en essay document can lead to dire consequences in your donnish studies. People are quite disquieted about the reality and impact of using strain makeups. There is a number of myths that have developed with time that force students to use barren ideal cover instead of placing order for customs written radicals. 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Hiding Edith Book Essay Essay Example for Free

Hiding Edith Book Essay EssayHiding Edith a True fabrication by Kathy Kacer Elise Peterson I usu totallyy am reading a book that gushes e genuinelywhere love or a creepy mystery novel, but this time I thought I would switch it up. I contribute always been palpablely interested in World War two and the holocaust and thats wherefore I picked up the book Hiding Edith, a true story by Kathy Kacer. I savings bank even come to image the fear that was planted in these childrens heads and would scar them for the rest of their life. In 1933, the national socialist party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to power in Germany.Hitler was a cruel man who believed that Germans were superior to all over races, but especially Jews. I wont go into a huge detail about the final solution because Im sure youve pull in ones hornsn the class History But anyways, the main character, Edith Schwalb was Jewish and was a break when Hitler slowly began to take over. Edith is a young Jewish miss living with her Papa, Mutti, sister (Threse), and brother (Gaston) in the city of Vienna. Ediths family is very close. Her Papa is a known soccer player and Edith and her sister both att curio school succession Mutti and her brother stay at home.Unfortunately, Vienna was slowly being taken over. One night, Nazi soldiers came to the Schwalb theatre and took away Papa. The girls soon stopped attending school and ran away to another city. Mutti soon realized that the children were no longer safe snow that Concentration camps were being established. The talk of the town among the Jews was that the town of Moissac had a boarding School where Jewish families could take their kids for protection from the Nazis. The town of Moissac is actually a town of all Germans. every the Germans know about the secret house and keep it a secret. The house is run by Shatta and Bouli Simon who be very kind. At the house, they are properly fed, taken care of, attend school, and go to church. Shatta and Bouli pret ty a good deal become the parents of all of the children living at the house. The reason why the house is so safe is since the hearty town is German, the Nazis will contact the Mayor before they come and search for Jews so it gives the children time to hide. So Mutti decides to drop Edith and Gaston off at the house.When they arrive Edith is 7 and Gaston is toddler. Threse and Mutti run off to another town to live in a farm house. Edith and Gaston come to love living in the house. Edith becomes good friends with a girl named Sarah. Over the years together Edith and Sarah practically become sisters. Every now and again Mutti will promise Edith and Gaston. After years of living there, Shatta and Bouli announce that they have to shut down the house. They both agree that the war will soon end since the Americans have joined the war. They send the kids to different secret homes to live.Sarah and Edith are travel to a German Boarding school. This is kind of dangerous since no one the re knows they are Jewish. They have to change their names. There at the boarding school, they are treated badly and rarely eat. They both end up getting lice and having to dig food out of the garbage. Again, Edith and Sarah are moved to another place. This time, a real home. They move to the house of the Merleaus who treat Edith and Sarah kindly. She only stays there for a short while because the war ends Edith is soon reunited with her brother, sister, and mother.They find out that there father was killed in a concentration camp. The family lives together and they all get jobs. Edith realizes that she wants to make a difference. Her and Gaston end up going back to Moissac. They volunteer to be consolers for the deprive Jewish children. I literally recommend this book to anyone Its a quick read and it really makes you try through the eyes of a child during World War Two. It makes you realize how lucky we are, here in America and not to take things for granted because they can be t aken away any moment.

Explaining exceptions to Dollo’s Law

Explaining exceptions to Dollos police forceExplaining exceptions to Dollos fair play a review of the concepts of constraint and contingency.In 1890 Louis Dollo a Belgian palaeontologist, came up with the possibility that development is irreversible, expanding on the work of Edgar Quinet, a historian who had first pondered this theory (Chopra Rogers, 2013) . Thus explaining that the constraint of evolution that it is irreversible and if certain peculiaritys ar wooly-minded this moments the contingency of evolution, thus past changes having an effect on the present and future of the species, this could by chance may or may not have an effect on the re-evolution of certain characteristics. The theory solid grounds that evolution is irreversible because of the structures and functions lost in the line of evolution cannot pop off in the lineages that they were once lost in e.g tails in our monkey like ancestors. This at that placefore suggests that genes formally required t o code for adaptive traits during natural selection pressures will become non- operating(a) when selection pressure is low or non-existent (Marshall, et al., 1994). The repercussions of this are that any trait coded by these genes will be lost forever and cannot ever perish again in the aforesaid(prenominal) lineage according to Dollos fairness (Marshall, et al., 1994). In recent generation many papers have been published that have disputed this natural police. There has been nigh work by with(p) on seeing if the constraints of evolution hinder further adaptation and whether this can either facilitate or hinder the re-emergence of the original/ancestral trait (Yedid et al. 2008). This essay will look at some of the consequences where this law potentially does not apply and discuss how relevant Dollos law is in biology, and if it is relevant at which point does the law either become to ambiguous or too specific. We will discuss Dollos law at two dissimilar bases the conta gious and Morphological.Under Dollos law the hereditary foot of this is that if a gene is lost due to natural selection and bred out of a population, the trait coded by the gene is lost and cannot be regained in the same lineage over evolutionary age. A information to test the genetics of Dollos law was tested on the genome coding for the sex combs in drosophila bipectinata and its close relative Drosophila malerkotliana (Seher, et al., 2012). The study found that some the genes that code for sex comb may alter the structures dramati roary (even in a single inversion) and some that had multiple inversions of the chromosomal structure which had no difference in the sex comb morphology. They then suggested that Dollos law should follow molecular pathways sort of than just the genes that code for them. This is due to many genes being regulatory genes, which can sometimes when activated liberal up many pathways to code for different cellular processes. This can then have an effect in gene expression and therefore a trait antecedently lost in evolutionary time is now being expressed due to these nexus regulatory genes (Seher, et al., 2012). The can be demonstrated in another experiment where mouse inductive signals that gave rise to stem cells providing teeth, where cultured with graphs of chick oral dermis. The closure found that the Chicks oral tissue rattling started to form enamel organs and even in some drive small malformed teeth (Marshall, et al., 1994). In a review published by hog Charnov it says that In relation to irreversibility there are two generalisation from there analysis. 1) selection of intermediate phenotypes is deprecative to evolutionary transitions whenever the two phenotypes are so different that multiple mutations are required to change from unity to another (Bull Charnov, 1985) , and 2) a second principle common to several examples is that the genome may progressively accommodate a character state the loner it is maintained ( Bull Charnov, 1985). These two generalities the summary was that irreversible evolution is founded on the addiction of the biological details of the system, with some more general rules that apply at a much less(prenominal) focused level. The constraints with looking at the genetic level are that we are looking literally infra the microscope and it is fine picking each detail of gene selection and deletion and applying this to Dollos law. But as said before genes can take many pathways due to nexes regulatory genes, so who is to say that a feature i.e. eyes lost in a cave fish (speaking hypothetically) came back in a recent form but exploitation different genes to cause the eye. Is this against Dollos law? Or because of the different genetic pathway it is just a natural progression in evolution.Using morphology as a basis with regards to Dollos law it states that any morphological trait that is lost in a lineage cannot ever be re-expressed for example the hind complications in cetaceans. We cannot talk almost morphological exceptions to Dollos rule without mentioning atavism. Atavism by definition is a revision/reappearance to an ancestral characteristic previously lost in the evolutionary pathway ( biology-online, 2012). Atavisms arise unremarkably due to a gene recombination or a gene mutation that enables a previous trait to be expressed (Hall, 2010). Hind leg extension in vertebrates has been well documented. In a study by Bejder Hall, they mention atavisms and the development of subdivision bud in cetaceans, snakes and legless lizards (Bejder Hall, 2002). They arent as rare as one might suppose this is due to all these animal species having being evolved from limbed ancestors, and as previously mentioned that genes can code for a multiple of different functions. Atavisms in whales normally occur in the rudiments of the pelvic girdle, the best case of this has been found in sperm and blue whales. The incident rate of atavisms in adult sperm wha les is about 15000 (Bejder Hall, 2002). In the Individuals found the atavisms skeletal processes are found to be almost complete, even some(prenominal) hind limb have been found in a female humpback whale when normally present is cartilaginous femur (Bejder Hall, 2002). Because these vestigial limbs actually have no function can these actually be considered against Dollos law? Or because that previously forgotten traits are being expressed does that answer Dollos law? Another morphological feature that contracts Dollos is re-evolution of shell spiraling in gastropods (Collin Cipriani, 2003). The trait was thought to have died out around 10mya but a study has shown that It can be re-evolved using the same genes that gastropods has at that time. There are two hypothesis put forward by this base either that genes that signal for shell coiling have a number of function have been unploughed in there entirety, or that Trochita has developed a new pathway to gain the coiling trait completely different to its ancestor (Collin Cipriani, 2003). There has been evidence to support the second theory due to the coiling being superficially different to other gastropod species (Collin Cipriani, 2003). Finally an example that is a little closer to fellowship is that there is new evidence of muscle reversions in the primate phylogeny. There have been 220 character state changes that are optimised in the parsimonious 28 of there have been evolutionary reversions, 6 of these have through evolution have contributed to human musculature and 9 of these have directly gone against Dollos law (Diogo Wood, 2012). The one particular case of violating of Dollos law for muscle reversion is in the subtribe hominina. In this case both the rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor muscle are found in an ancestral clade. This was then lost and the Rhomboidus muscles became the more distinct muscle in the Cercopithecinae, the ancestral muscle formation then has re-appeared in the Homi nina there by going against Dollos law (Diogo Wood, 2012). this constant muscle evolution and re evolution create the muscle to constantly re configure in primate to truly go against Dollos law at both eh morphological and genetic level there must be the same genetic pathways and selection pressures present to make this change a selective and adaptive advantage to truly call this change re-evolution.In summary to this review all of the studies all show great strengths and flaws with the methods and rules abided by in Dollos law. Constraints and contingency way heavily on if Dollos law is applied, because pathways may be restrict but if they actually help the re evolution of a trait there still may not be a selection pressure for these and this does not apply with the constraints of evolution, there-fore if there is no selection to me it feels like a random mutation with no beneficial attributes to the animals evolution. Law I feel is a strong word to use because with law there a ims to be the same degree of lenience with this. This is due to papers on the genetic level saying that if the same pathways are used this means that this is against Dollos law, but if the same trait appears again but using a different pathway this does not, even if the new trait is a functional advantage. I believe the whole way that a species can truly re-evolve traits is that the trait that has been re-evolved needs to be on a functional basis. The functional basis is that under Dollos law even if a limb has arisen That limb would need to be functional i.e. have a selection pressure causing this to be an advantage evolutionally. This is the only way that I can see of being able to out rightly say if something is against Dollos law.Word count 1565References Bejder, L. Hall, B., 2002. Limbs in whales and limblessness in other vertebrates mechanisms of evolutionary and developmental transformation and loss. Evolution Development, 4(6), pp. 445-458.Biology-Online 2014. Atavism d efinition from Biology-Online.org. ONLINE Available at http//www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Atavism. Accessed 27 February 2014.Bull, J. Charnov, E., 1985. On Irreversible Evolution. Evolution, 39(5), pp. 1149-1155.Chopra, S. Rogers, K., 2013. Dollos law (biology) Encyclopedpia Britanica. Online Available at http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/168293/Dollos-law Accessed 24 febuary 2014.Collin, R. Cipriani, R., 2003. Dollos Law and the re-evolution of shell coiling. Proceeding of the royal society of biological sciences, pp. 2551-2555.Diogo, R. Wood, B., 2012. Violation of Dollos Law Evidence of muscle reversions in primate phylogeny and their implications for understanding iof ther intigeny evolution, and anatomical variations of modern humans. Evolution, 66(10), pp. 3267-3276.Hall, B., 2010. Atavisms. Online Available at yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.elementaab2/main.pdf Accessed 27 02 2014.Marshall, C., Raff, E. Raff, R., 1994. Dollos law and the death and re surrection of genes. Proceeding Of The Natural Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, Volume 91, pp. 12283-12287.Seher, T. et al., 2012. Genetic Basis of a Violation of Dollos Law Re-Evolution of Rotating Sex Combs. Genetics, 192(2), pp. 1465-1475. Yedid, G., C. A. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski., 2008. Historical and Contingent Factors Affect Re-Evolution of a Complex Feature Lost during Mass Extinction in Communities of Digital Organisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21, no 5. pp 1335-1357.